The Handbook of European Communication History

A groundbreaking handbook that takes a cross-national approach to the media history of Europe of the past 100 years The Handbook of European Communication History is a definitive and authoritative handbook that fills a gap in the literature to provide a coherent and chronological history of mass media, public communication and journalism in Europe from 1900 to the late 20th century. With contributions from teams of scholars and members of the European Communication Research and Education Association, the Handbook explores media innovations, major changes and developments in the media systems that affected public communication, as well as societies and culture. The contributors also examine the general trends of communication history and review debates related to media development.  To ensure a transnational approach to the topic, the majority of chapters are written not by a single author but by international teams formed around one or more lead authors. The Handbook goes beyond national perspectives and provides a basis for more cross-national treatments of historical developments in the field of mediated communication. Indeed, this important Handbook: Offers fresh insights on the development of media alongside key differences between countries, regions, or media systems over the past century Takes a fresh, cross-national approach to European media history Contains contributions from leading international scholars in this rapidly evolving area of study Explores the major innovations, key developments, differing trends, and the important debates concerning the media in the European setting Written for students and academics of communication and media studies as well as media professionals, The Handbook of European Communication History covers European media from 1900 with the emergence of the popular press to the professionalization of journalists and the first wave of multimedia with the advent of film and radio broadcasting through the rapid growth of the Internet and digital media since the late 20th century.

List of Contributors ix Author Biographies xiii Preface xxv Introduction: European Communication History: A Challenging if Timely Project 1 Paschal Preston, Klaus Arnold, and Susanne Kinnebrock Part I Emergence of modern mediated communication institutions and practices 1. Struggles over "Press Freedom" and "Public Spheres": Competing Conceptualizations, Values, Norms 23 Jürgen Wilke, Jaume Guillamet, Svennik Høyer, and Nils E. Øy 2. The "New" Newspapers: The Popular Press in Britain, Portugal, Russia, and Germany, late‐1800s to Early‐1900s 43 Anthony Cawley, Helena Lima, Olga Kruglikova, and Thomas Birkner 3. European Film Since the 1890s: A Media Sector in the Shadow of Hollywood 61 Roderick Flynn 4. Organizing a New Medium: The Emergence of Radio Broadcasting in Europe 79 Klaus Arnold, Nelson Ribeiro, Barbara Köpplová, and Jan Cebe 5. World War I and the Emergence of Modern Propaganda 97 Nelson Ribeiro, Anne Schmidt, Sian Nicholas, Olga Kruglikova, and Koenraad Du Pont 6. Modernization, Democratization and Politicization: Mass Media in 1920s Europe 115 Jochen Hung, Mark Hampton, Peppino Ortoleva, Joris van Eijnatten, and Lennart Weibull 7. Crises, Rise of Fascism and the Establishment of Authoritarian Media Systems 135 Patrick Merziger, Gabriele Balbi, Carlos Barrera, and Balázs Sipos 8. The Russian Revolution and the Establishment of the Authoritarian Media System 153 Olga Kruglikova and Konstantin Alexeev 9. International Radio Broadcasting During World War II 173 Nelson Ribeiro, Hans‐Ulrich Wagner, and Agnieszka Morriss Part II Media in "a binary Europe": the mid‐1940s to late 1980s 10. Media After 1945: Continuities and New Beginnings 189 Hans‐Ulrich Wagner, Hugh Chignell, Marie Cronqvist, Christoph Hilgert, and Kristin Skoog 11. Media and the Cold War: The East/West Conflict 205 Michael Meyen, Kaarle Nordenstreng, Carlos Barrera, and Walery Pisarek 12. Authoritarian Media Control in Eastern Europe, Spain, Portugal, and Greece After World War II 221 Anke Fiedler, Helena Lima, Emmanuel Heretakis, Balázs Sipos, Juan Antonio García Galindo, and Antonio Cuartero 13. The Rise of Television: Institutionalization and the Forming of National Audiences 239 Andreas Fickers, Dana Mustata, and Anne‐Katrin Weber 14. The Introduction of Commercial Broadcasting to Europe 257 Rosa Franquet, Giuseppe Richeri, and Matthew Hibberd PART III Media Developments in Europe after the end of the Cold War 15. History of the Media in Central and Eastern Europe 277 Péter Bajomi‐Lázár, Auksė Balčytienė, Alina Dobreva, and Beata Klimkiewicz 16. Media Concentration and the Rise of Multinational Companies 299 Juan Pablo Artero, Roderick Flynn, and Damian Guzek 17. EU Democratic Deficits: The EU Project and a European Public Sphere 315 Katharine Sarikakis and Olga Kolokytha 18. The Emergence of the Internet and the End of Journalism? 333 Christian Oggolder, Niels Brügger, Monika Metyková, Ramón Salaverría, and Eugenia Siapera Part IV Historical Themes and Trends in European Media and Public Communication 19. Professionalisms and Journalism History: Lessons from European Variations 351 Risto Kunelius, Olivier Baisnée, and Sergio Splendore 20. The Development of Journalism Education in Europe 367 Carlos Barrera and Michael Harnischmacher 21. New Media and Audience Behavior 385 Susanne Eichner, Yeşim Kaptan, Elizabeth Prommer, and Yulia Yurtaeva‐Martens 22. Americanization, or: The Rhetoric of Modernity: How European Journalism Adapted US Norms, Practices and Conventions 403 Marcel Broersma 23. Gender, Media, and Modernity 421 Adrian Bingham, Matilde Eiroa, Susanne Kinnebrock, and Claire McCallum 24. Ethnic Minorities and the Media: A Struggle for Voice, Self, and Community? 437 Christian Schwarzenegger, Gabriele Falböck, Merja Ellefson, Irati Agirreazkuenaga, Alicia Ferrández Ferrer, Heike Graf, and Marina Yanglyaeva 25. Imagined New Spaces of Political Solidarity in the 1880s–1920s: Beyond the National? 453 Paschal Preston Author Index 475 Subject Index 485