Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment

The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them.  The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions.  Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.

FOREWORD ix Paul Farmer PREFACE xi Janine M. H. Selendy CONTRIBUTORS xiii INTRODUCTION xv Janine M. H. Selendy and Jens Aagaard-Hansen SECTION I WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE: MEETING THE NEED 1 1 Toward Universal Access to Basic and Safely Managed Drinking Water: Remaining Challenges and New Opportunities in the Era of Sustainable Development Goals 3 Mitsuaki Hirai and Jay Graham 2 The Human Right to Sanitation 17 Anoop Jain and Jay Graham 3 Coping with Water Needs: The Demographic Future 25 Guigui Yao and Robert Wyman 4 Water, Food, and the Environment 39 Robert Wyman and Guigui Yao 5 Water and Armed Conflict 53 Barry S. Levy 6 Additional Measures to Prevent, Ameliorate, and Reduce Water Pollution and Related Water Diseases: Global Water Governance 59 Nikhil Chandavarkar SECTION II WATER AND SANITATION‐RELATED DISEASES 63 7 Infectious Diarrhea 65 Sean Fitzwater, Anita Shet, Mathuram Santosham, and Margaret Kosek 8 Soil‐Transmitted Helminths: Ascaris, Trichuris, and Hookworm Infections 95 Alexander T. Yu and Brian G. Blackburn 9 Food Systems and Nutrition in the Context of Climate Change 111 José Graziano da Silva 10 Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: New Understanding and Directions for Intervention 127 Marcia C. Castro and Burton H. Singer 11 Schistosomiasis 147 Pascal Magnussen, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, and Jens Aagaard‐Hansen 12 Trachoma 159 Emma M. Harding‐Esch, Joseph A. Cook, David C. Mabey, and Anthony W. Solomon SECTION III ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURALLY OCCURRING POLLUTANTS 171 13 Impacts of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment 173 M. Danielle McDonald 14 Other Water Pollutants: Antimicrobial Resistance 177 Rochelle Rainey 15 Global Substitution of Mercury‐Based Medical Devices in the Health Sector 189 Anitha Nimmagadda, Ivorie Stanley, Joshua Karliner, and Peter Orris SECTION IV WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE 197 16 Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in Low‐Income Countries 199 Thomas F. Clasen SECTION V CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH 213 17 Changing Geographic Distribution of Disease Vectors 215 Mary E. Wilson 18 Reassessing Multiple‐Intervention Malaria Control Programs of the Past: Lessons for the Design of Contemporary Interventions 229 Burton H. Singer and Marcia C. Castro 19 Ecosystem Health as the Basis for Human Health 245 Tom Barker and Jane Fisher 20 Addressing the Nexus of Water, Sanitation, Health, and Climate Change Through Multistakeholder Partnerships 271 Nikhil Chandavarkar SECTION VI SUCCESS STORIES 275 21 Extending the Right to Health Care and Improving Child Survival in Mexico 277 Julio Frenk and Octavio Gomez‐Dantés 22 Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease): Case Study of the Effort to Eradicate Guinea Worm 283 Donald R. Hopkins and Ernesto Ruiz‐Tiben 23 Sanitation Case Studies 291 Anoop Jain and Jay Graham 24 Catalyzing Rural Sanitation at Scale: Lessons Learned from the Global Sanitation Fund 297 Patrick England and Carolien Van der Voorden AFTERWORD 311 INDEX 313