Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Hydrogen storage is considered a key technology for stationary and portable power generation especially for transportation. This volume covers the novel technologies to efficiently store and distribute hydrogen and discusses the underlying basics as well as the advanced details in hydrogen storage technologies. The book has two major parts: Chemical and electrochemical hydrogen storage and Carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. The following subjects are detailed in Part I: Multi stage compression system based on metal hydrides Metal-N-H systems and their physico-chemical properties Mg-based nano materials with enhanced sorption kinetics Gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage in the Ti-Z-Ni Electrochemical methods for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of metal hydrides In Part II the following subjects are addressed: Activated carbon for hydrogen storage obtained from agro-industrial waste Hydrogen storage using carbonaceous materials Hydrogen storage performance of composite material consisting of single walled carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles Hydrogen storage characteristics of graphene addition of hydrogen storage materials Discussion of the crucial features of hydrogen adsorption of nanotextured carbon-based materials

Preface xiii Part I: Chemical and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage 1 1 Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compression Systems – Materials, Applications and Numerical Analysis 3 Evangelos I. Gkanas and Martin Khzouz 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Adoption of a Hydrogen-Based Economy 4 1.3 Hydrogen Compression Technologies 6 1.4 Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compressors (MHHC) 11 1.5 Numerical Analysis of a Multistage MHHC System 20 1.6 Conclusions 32 2 Nitrogen-Based Hydrogen Storage Systems: A Detailed Overview 39 Ankur Jain, Takayuki Ichikawa and Shivani Agarwal 2.1 Introduction 40 2.2 Amide/Imide Systems 41 2.3 Ammonia (NH3) as Hydrogen Storage Media 62 2.4 Future Prospects 74 3 Nanostructured Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials: Synthesis and Properties 89 Huaiyu Shao, Xiubo Xie, Jianding Li, Bo Li, Tong Liu and Xingguo Li 3.1 Introduction 90 3.2 Experimental Details 92 3.3 Synthesis Results of the Nanostructured Samples 94 3.4 Hydrogen Absorption Kinetics 98 3.5 Hydrogen Storage Thermodynamics 99 3.6 Novel Mg-TM (TM=V, Zn, Al) Nanocomposites 103 3.7 Summary and Prospects 110 4 Hydrogen Storage in Ti/Zr-Based Amorphous and Quasicrystal Alloys 117 Akito Takasaki, Lukasz Gondek, Joanna Czub, Alicja Klimkowicz, Antoni Zywczak and Konrad Swierczek 4.1 Introduction 118viii Contents 4.2 Production of Ti/Zr-Based Amorphous and Quasicrystals Alloys 119 4.3 Hydrogen Storage in T-Zr-Based Amorphous Alloys 124 4.4 Hydrogen Storage in the Ti/Zr-Based Quasicrystal Alloys 130 4.5 Comparison of Amorphous and Quasicrystal Phases on the Hydrogen Properties 140 4.6 Conclusions 141 5 Electrochemical Method of Hydrogenation/Dehydrogenation of Metal Hydrides 147 N.E. Galushkin, N.N. Yazvinskaya and D.N. Galushkin 5.1 Introduction 148 5.2 Electrochemical Method of Hydrogenation of Metal Hydrides 151 5.3 Electrochemical Method of Dehydrogenation of Metal Hydrides 161 5.4 Discussion 166 5.5 Conclusions 172 Part II: Carbon-Based Materials For Hydrogen Storage 177 6 Activated Carbon for Hydrogen Storage Obtained from Agro-Industrial Waste 179 Yesid Murillo-Acevedo, Paola Rodríguez-Estupiñán, Liliana Giraldo Gutiérrez and Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján 6.1 Introduction 180 6.2 Experimental 182 6.3 Results and Discussion 183 6.4 Conclusions 192 7 Carbonaceous Materials in Hydrogen Storage 197 R. Pedicini, I. Gatto, M. F. Gatto and E. Passalacqua 7.1 Introduction 198 7.2 Materials Consisting of Only Carbon Atoms 199 7.3 Materials Containing Carbon and Other Light Elements 205 7.4 Composite Materials Made by Polymeric Matrix 210 7.5 Waste and Natural Materials 217 7.6 Conclusions 220 8 Beneficial Effects of Graphene on Hydrogen Uptake and Release from Light Hydrogen Storage Materials 229 Rohit R Shahi 8.1 Introduction 230 8.2 General Aspects of Graphene 232 8.3 Beneficial Effect of Graphene: Key Results with Light Metal Hydrides (e.g., LiBH4, NaAlH4, MgH2) 236 8.4 Alanates as HS Materials 239 8.5 Magnesium Hydride as HS Material 243 8.6 Summary and Future Prospects 253 9 Hydrogen Adsorption on Nanotextured Carbon Materials 263 G. Sdanghi, G. Maranzana, A. Celzard and V. Fierro 9.1 Introduction 264 9.2 Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Materials 270 9.3 Conclusion 295 Acknowledgments 297 References 297 Appendix 310 Index 321