Materials Science and Engineering

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction promotes student understanding of the three primary types of materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) and composites, as well as the relationships that exist between the structural elements of materials and their properties. The 10th edition provides new or updated coverage on a number of topics, including: the Materials Paradigm and Materials Selection Charts, 3D printing and additive manufacturing, biomaterials, recycling issues and the Hall effect.

List of Symbols xix 1. Introduction 1 2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding 19 Atomic Structure 20 Atomic Bonding in Solids 30 3. The Structure of Crystalline Solids 48 Crystal Structures 49 Crystallographic Points, Directions, and Planes 61 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials 79 4. Imperfections in Solids 92 Point Defects 93 Miscellaneous Imperfections 102 Microscopic Examination 110 5. Diffusion 121 6. Mechanical Properties of Metals 142 Elastic Deformation 148 Plastic Deformation 154 Property Variability and Design/Safety Factors 171 7. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms 180 Dislocations and Plastic Deformation 181 Mechanisms of Strengthening in Metals 193 Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth 199 8. Failure 209 Fatigue 229 Creep 240 9. Phase Diagrams 251 Definitions and Basic Concepts 252 Binary Phase Diagrams 256 The Iron–Carbon System 287 10. Phase Transformations: Development of Microstructure and Alteration of Mechanical Properties 303 Phase Transformations 304 Microstructural and Property Changes in Iron–Carbon Alloys 317 11. Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys 347 Types of Metal Alloys 349 Fabrication of Metals 373 Thermal Processing of Metals 382 12. Structures and Properties of Ceramics 405 Ceramic Structures 406 Mechanical Properties 428 13. Applications and Processing of Ceramics 442 Types and Applications of Ceramics 444 Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics 461 14. Polymer Structures 479 15. Characteristics, Applications, and Processing of Polymers 511 Mechanical Behavior of Polymers 512 Mechanisms of Deformation and for Strengthening of Polymers 522 Crystallization, Melting, and Glass-Transition Phenomena in Polymers 530 Polymer Types 536 Polymer Synthesis and Processing 549 16. Composites 564 Particle-Reinforced Composites 567 Fiber-Reinforced Composites 572 Structural Composites 595 17. Corrosion and Degradation of Materials 607 Corrosion of Metals 609 Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 639 Degradation of Polymers 639 18. Electrical Properties 648 Electrical Conduction 649 Semiconductivity 659 Electrical Conduction in Ionic Ceramics and in Polymers 679 Dielectric Behavior 681 Other Electrical Characteristics of Materials 689 19. Thermal Properties 698 20. Magnetic Properties 714 21. Optical Properties 746 Basic Concepts 747 Optical Properties of Metals 751 Optical Properties of Nonmetals 752 Applications of Optical Phenomena 761 22. Environmental, and Societal Issues in Materials Science and Engineering 775 Questions and Problems P-1 Appendix A The International System of Units (SI) A-1 Appendix B Properties of Selected Engineering Materials A-3 Appendix C Costs and Relative Costs for Selected Engineering Materials A-32 Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures for Common Polymers A-37 Appendix E Glass Transition and Melting Temperatures for Common Polymeric Materials A-41 Appendix F Characteristics of Selected Elements A-43 Appendix G Values of Selected Physical Constants, Unit Abbreviations, SI Multiple and Submultiple Prefixes A-44 Appendix H Unit Conversion Factors, Periodic Table of the Elements A-45 Glossary G-1 Answers to Selected Problems PA-1 Index I-1