African American Millionaires

Meet the black Achievers who attained the American Dream-from the early years to modern times "This wonderful book should be required reading for young people, who will learn how some of the nation's most successful Black men and women became role models." -Joyce Ladner, Ph.D. Robert Sengstacke Abbott Tyra Banks Matel "Mat" Dawson Jr. Joe L. Dudley Sr. Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds S. B. Fuller Arthur George Gaston Earl G. Graves Earvin "Magic" Johnson John H. Johnson Robert L. Johnson Quincy Jones Shelton "Spike" Jackson Lee William Alexander Leidesdorff Abraham Lincoln Lewis Reginald Francis Lewis Annie Turnbo Malone Bridget "Biddy" Mason Anthony Overton Mary Ellen Pleasant Russell Simmons Madame C. J. Walker Oprah Gail Winfrey Eldrick "Tiger" Woods Crispus Attucks Wright

Foreword v Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 PART ONE: THE EARLY YEARS William Alexander Leidesdorff 7 PART TWO: THE CIVILWAR YEARS AND RECONSTRUCTION Mary Ellen Pleasant 15 Bridget “Biddy” Mason 22 Anthony Overton 27 Abraham Lincoln Lewis 31 PART THREE: INTO THE NEW CENTURY Madame C. J. Walker 39 Annie Turnbo Malone 43 Robert Sengstacke Abbott 48 Arthur George Gaston 54 S. B. Fuller 61 PART FOUR: MODERN TIMES John H. Johnson 71 Crispus Attucks Wright 77 Matel “Mat” Dawson Jr. 82 Quincy D. Jones 86 Earl G. Graves 92 Joe L. Dudley Sr. 97 Reginald Francis Lewis 103 Robert L. Johnson 108 Oprah Gail Winfrey 114 Shelton “Spike” Jackson Lee 120 Russell Simmons 126 Earvin “Magic” Johnson 130 Kenneth “Babyface” Edmonds 136 Tyra Banks 140 Eldrick “Tiger” Woods 144 Bibliography 150 Picture Credits 152 Index 153