Tocqueville

Alexis de Tocqueville, a French aristocrat paradoxically famous for his insights into democracy and equality, is one of history’s greatest analysts of American society and politics. His contributions to political theory and sociology are of enduring significance. This book, from one of the world’s leading experts, is a clearly written and accessible introduction to Tocqueville’s social and political theories. Schleifer guides readers through his two major works, Democracy in America (1835/40) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856), as well as his working papers, correspondence, and other writings. Schleifer examines Tocqueville’s essential themes and explores the various meanings of his key terms, including equality, democracy, liberty, and revolution. He combines a skillful exposition of Tocqueville’s analysis of the beneficial and harmful consequences of democracy with a crystal clear discussion of his often overlooked economic ideas and social reform proposals. Schleifer traces both the overall unity and the significant changes in Tocqueville’s ideas, demonstrating the complexity and subtlety of his thought and the importance of his legacy. It will be essential reading for all scholars, students, and general readers interested in the history of political thought, political theory, American politics, and sociology.

Introduction Ch. 1. Alexis de Tocqueville: A Brief Biography Ch. 2. Tocqueville’s First Principles Democracy on the March Three Causes: Circumstances, Laws, and Mores The Complexity of Society Rejection of Absolutes The Right of Property Impartiality and Moderation Ch. 3. Tocqueville’s Major Themes Equality Democracy Liberty Revolution Ch. 4. Consequences of Democracy: How Does Democracy Change Society? Harmful Consequences Taste for Material Well-Being The Reign of Commerce and Commercial Attitudes Individualism Tyranny of the Majority Despotism of One Man Centralization and the New Democratic Despotism Beneficial Consequences Social Energy, Economic Activity, and Increased Well-Being Justice Citizenship Psychological Consequences: The New Democratic Man Imagined Consequences Ch. 5. Proposed Cures: What Is To Be Done? Secondary Bodies: Localities, Provinces, and Associations Individual Rights and Freedom of the Press Interest Well Understood Religion Higher Purposes Ch. 6. Tocqueville, Economic Ideas, and Social Reform Economic Ideas Social Reform The Role of Government Justice Revisited Ch. 7. Tocqueville’s Reputation and Continuing Relevance Initial Success and Enduring Interest Resonances Conclusion Suggestions for Further Reading Works Cited and Consulted Index