The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, Set

The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds A comprehensive introduction to the identification of unknown organic compounds Identifying unknown compounds is one of the most important parts of the study of chemistry. From basic characteristics such as melting and/or boiling point to more complex data generated through cutting-edge techniques, the range of possible methods for identifying unknown organic compounds is substantial. The utility of a research reference which compiles known techniques and characteristics of possible compounds is clear. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds provides such a reference, designed to teach a hands-on approach in the chemistry lab. It takes readers step-by-step through the process of identifying an unknown compound and elucidating its structure from infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra in addition to solubility characteristics, melting point, boiling point, and classification tests. The result is an essential overview for advanced chemistry students looking to understand this exciting area of laboratory work. Readers of the ninth edition of The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds will also find: A detailed chapter on safety, personal protection equipment, chemical storage, safety data sheets, and other safety concerns New NMR, IR, and mass spectra with detailed explanations on interpretation Questions at the end of each chapter designed to facilitate and reinforce progression, keyed to a companion website for instructors Tables of known compounds including data relevant for identification Companion website with structural problems from experimental data for students to practice how to reason and solve The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds is a useful reference for advanced undergraduates and graduate students studying organic chemistry, organic spectroscopy, and related subjects.

Preface About the Companion Website Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: THE NEED FOR ORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1.2 SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS Chapter 2: Laboratory Safety 2.1 WORKING SAFELY IN THE LABORATORY 2.2 TRAINING 2.3 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 2.4 SAFETY DATA SHEETS 2.5 STORAGE OF CHEMICALS 2.6 DISPOSAL OF CHEMICALS 2.7 SAFELY USING EQUIPMENT IN THE LABORATORY Chapter 3: Identification of Unknowns 3.1 DISCUSSION OF REPORT FORM 3.2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 3.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3.4 MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION 3.5 MOLECULAR FORMULA DETERMINATION 3.6 SOLUBILITY TESTS 3.7 INFRARED, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND MASS SPECTRA ANALYSES 3.8 CLASSIFICATION TESTS 3.9 PREPARATION OF A SATISFACTORY DERIVATIVE 3.10 MIXTURES 3.11 REPORT FORMS Chapter 4: Preliminary Examination, Physical Properties, and Elemental Analysis 4.1 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 4.2 DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.3 OPTICAL ROTATION 4.4 RECRYSTALLIZATION 4.5 QUALITATIVE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS 4.6 QUANTITATIVE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS Chapter 5: Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility 5.1 SOLUBILITY IN WATER, AQUEOUS ACIDS AND BASES, AND ETHER 5.2 SOLUBILITY IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS Chapter 6: Separation of Mixtures 6.1 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS OF MIXTURES 6.2 DISTILLATION AND SUBLIMATION 6.3 EXTRACTIONS: SEPARATIONS BASED UPON SALT FORMATION 6.4 CHROMATOGRAPHY Chapter 7: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry 7.1 THEORY OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 7.2 PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE 7.3 PROTON SPECTRA 7.4 13C SPECTRA 7.5 DEPT 7.6 COSY 7.7 HSQC Chapter 8: Infrared Spectrometry 8.1 THEORY OF INFRARED SPECTROMETRY 8.2 PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE 8.3 FUNCTIONAL GROUP IDENTIFICATION Chapter 9: Mass Spectrometry 9.1 THEORY OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 9.2 CLEAVAGE REACTIONS Chapter 10: Chemical Tests for Functional Groups 10.1 ACID ANHYDRIDES 10.2 ACYL HALIDES 10.3 ALCOHOLS 10.4 ALDEHYDES 10.5 AMIDES 10.6 AMINES AND AMINE SALTS 10.7 AMINO ACIDS 10.8 CARBOHYDRATES 10.9 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 10.10 ESTERS 10.11 ETHERS 10.12 HALIDES 10.13 HYDROCARBONS—ALKANES 10.14 HYDROCARBONS—ALKENES 10.15 HYDROCARBONS—ALKYNES 10.16 HYDROCARBONS—AROMATIC 10.17 KETONES 10.18 NITRILES 10.19 NITRO COMPOUNDS 10.20 PHENOLS 10.21 SULFONAMIDES, SULFONIC ACIDS, SULFONYL CHLORIDES Chapter 11: The Preparation of Derivatives 11.1 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, ACID ANHYDRIDES, ACID HALIDES 11.2 ALCOHOLS 11.3 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES 11.4 AMIDES 11.5 AMINES 11.6 AMINO ACIDS 11.7 CARBOHYDRATES 11.8 ESTERS 11.9 ETHERS—ALIPHATIC 11.10 ETHERS—AROMATIC 11.11 HALIDES—ALKYL 11.12 HALIDES—AROMATIC 11.13 HYDROCARBONS—AROMATIC 11.14 NITRILES 11.15 NITRO COMPOUNDS 11.16 PHENOLS 11.17 SULFONIC ACIDS, SULFONYL CHLORIDES, SULFONAMIDES Chapter 12: Chemical Literature 12.1 HANDBOOKS 12.2 COMPENDIA 12.3 SPECTRAL COLLECTIONS 12.4 JOURNALS 12.5 ABSTRACTS AND INDEXES 12.6 MONOGRAPHS Appendix I: Handy Tables for the Organic Laboratory Appendix II: Table of Derivatives Appendix III: Equipment and Chemicals for the Laboratory AIII.1 APPARATUS AIII.2 CHEMICALS NEEDED IN THE LABORATORY AIII.3 UNKNOWNS Index