Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis

Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis offers an image-based reference for performing canine and feline urinalyses. Hundreds of full-color images depict techniques, physical characteristics, urine chemistry, and microscopic characteristics of urine sediment in dogs and cats. Written by leading experts, this highly illustrated resource acts as an aid to accurately identifying cytological features and interpreting both chemical and sediment findings. Logically organized for easy navigation, the book covers urine collection and specimen handling, initial assessment, urine chemistry, and microscopic findings, including casts, crystals, cells, organisms, and artifacts. Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis is an important diagnostic tool for veterinary undergraduate and graduate students, veterinary technicians, general practitioners, veterinary clinical pathologists, and specialists in other disciplines. Key features Presents hundreds of full-color images for reference and picture-matching while using urinalysis as a diagnostic tool Provides a complete guide to properly performing a urinalysis exam in the veterinary practice Emphasizes collection techniques, physical assessment, urine chemistry, and the microscopic sediment exam Covers casts, crystals, cells, organisms, and artefacts Offers a practical, visual resource for incorporating urinalysis into the clinic

Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 Sample Collection and Handling 3 Collection of Urine Samples 3 Free-Catch Urine Collection 3 Transurethral Catheterization 15 Cystocentesis 37 Urine Sample Handling 44 Culture 44 2 Initial Assessment: Physical Characteristics 47 Volume 47 Color 47 Clarity/Turbidity 48 Odor 48 Urine Specific Gravity 49 3 Urine Chemistry 53 Urine pH 53 Protein 54 Glucose 60 Ketones 61 Blood (Occult Blood, Heme) 63 Bilirubin 64 4 Urine Sediment 67 Preparation for Microscopic Examination 67 Casts 67 Hyaline Casts 68 Cellular Casts 71 Granular Casts 73 Waxy Casts 78 Fatty Casts (Lipid Casts) 79 Hemoglobin Casts 81 Mixed Casts 82 Pseudo Casts 85 Crystals 86 Crystals Associated with Urolith Formation 86 Crystals Not Typically Associated with Canine and Feline Urolith Formation 120 Drug-Induced Crystals 130 Cells 131 Transitional Epithelial Cells 131 Squamous Epithelial Cells 136 Renal Tubular (Cuboidal) Epithelial Cells 140 Leukocytes 141 Erythrocytes 145 Atypical (Neoplastic) Cells 148 Organisms 157 Bacteria 157 Fungal Hyphae 161 Yeast 163 Dioctophyma renale Ova 165 Capillaria plica (now Pearsonema plica) and Capillaria felis cati Ova 166 Microfilaria 168 Miscellaneous Findings and Artifacts 169 Pollen 169 Fungal Spores 170 Mucus 172 Lipid Droplets 173 Sperm 174 Air Bubbles 176 Starch Granules (Glove Powder) 177 Fiber 178 Reference 181 Index 183