Nanotoxicity

Nanomaterials - substances smaller than 100 nanometers in size - have been added in recent years to an increasing numbers of consumer products used in day-to-day life; in food packaging, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, odor-resistant textiles and household appliances. The extensive application of nanomaterials in a wide range of products for human use poses a potential for toxicity risk to human health and the environment. Such adverse effects of nanomaterials on human health have triggered the development of a new scientific discipline known as “nanotoxicity” – the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicity: From in vivo and in vitro Models to Health Risks provides up-to-date state-of-the-art information presented by recognized experts in this emerging new field in toxicology. It discusses the safety evaluation of nanomaterials in foods, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics and other regulated products and its use in risk analysis for potential regulatory use. Topics covered include: biomarkers for nanotoxicity assessment nanotoxicity assessment by gene expression analysis in vivo and in vitro models for nanotoxicity testing mechanisms of nanotoxicity pharmakokinetics of nanomaterials nanotoxicity of foods including food processing, food packaging and food safety nanotoxicity of drugs including drug development and drug delivery nanotoxicity of cosmetics and consumer products health and environmental impact of nanotoxicity safety evaluation of nanomaterials regulatory impact of nanomaterials Nanotoxicity: From in vivo and in vitro Models to Health Risks is a valuable authoritative source of information for readers from a wide range of disciplines such as toxicology, pharmacology, drug toxicity and food and environmental sciences. The book will be useful to the research community in academia, industry, hospitals and government, as well as to government regulators and risk assessors of foods, drugs and environmental and agricultural products.

Preface xi List of Contributors xiii Acknowledgments xix 1 Characterization of Nanomaterials for Toxicological Evaluation 1 Kevin W. Powers, Maria Palazuelos, Scott C. Brown and Stephen M. Roberts 2 Criteria and Implementation of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Nanomaterials for Human Health Effects and Ecological Toxicity Studies 29 Christie M. Sayes and David B. Warheit 3 Considerations for the Design of Toxicity Studies of Inhaled Nanomedicines 41 Lea Ann Dailey 4 High Aspect Ratio Nanoparticles and the Fibre Pathogenicity Paradigm 61 Craig A. Poland, Rodger Duffin and Ken Donaldson 5 Application of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots in Food Safety 81 Tony Jin, Dazhi Sun, Howard Zhang and Hung-Jue Sue 6 Evaluation of Nanotoxicity of Foods and Drugs: Biological Properties of Red Elemental Selenium at Nano Size (Nano-Se) In Vitro and In Vivo 97 Jinsong Zhang 7 Evaluation of Toxicity of Nanostructures in Biological Systems 115 Adam J. Gormley and Hamidreza Ghandehari 8 Developing Bioassay Methods for Evaluating Pulmonary Hazards from Nanoscale or Fine Quartz/Titanium Dioxide Particulate Materials 161 David B. Warheit, Kenneth L. Reed and Christie M. Sayes 9 Nanoparticles: Is Neurotoxicity a Concern? 171 Jianyong Wang, Wenjun Sun and Syed F. Ali 10 Hepatotoxic Potential of Nanomaterials 183 Saura C. Sahu 11 Nanotoxicity in Blood: Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials on Platelets 191 Jan Simak 12 Sources, Fate and Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment 227 David S. Barber, Nancy D. Denslow, R. Joseph Griffitt and Christopher J. Martyniuk 13 Nanotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Vivo 247 Weiyue Feng, Bing Wang and Yuliang Zhao 14 In Vivo Hypersensitive Pulmonary Disease Models for Nanotoxicity 271 Ken-ichiro Inoue and Hirohisa Takano 15 In Vivo and In Vitro Models for Nanotoxicology Testing 279 Rosalba Gornati, Elena Papis, Mario Di Gioacchino, Enrico Sabbioni, Isabella Dalle Donne, Aldo Milzani and Giovanni Bernardini 16 In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Study of Nanoparticles 303 Jayoung Jeong, Wan-Seob Cho, Seung Hee Kim and Myung-Haing Cho 17 In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Nanotoxicity Testing 335 Kyung O. Yu, Laura K. Braydich-Stolle, David M. Mattie, John J. Schlager and Saber M. Hussain 18 In Vitro Models for Nanotoxicity Testing 349 Yinfa Ma 19 In Vitro Human Lung Cell Culture Models to Study the Toxic Potential of Nanoparticles 379 Fabian Blank, Peter Gehr and Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser 20 Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticle Nanotoxicity: Incidence and Mechanisms 397 Thomas R. Pisanic, Sungho Jin and Veronica I. Shubayev 21 Toxicity Testing and Evaluation of Nanoparticles: Challenges in Risk Assessment 427 David Y. Lai and Philip G. Sayre 22 Evaluating Strategies For Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials 459 Nastassja Lewinski, Huiguang Zhu and Rebekah Drezek 23 Strategies for Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials 499 Hae-Seong Yoon, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Dong Deuk Jang and Myung-Haing Cho 24 Metal Nanoparticle Health Risk Assessment 519 Mario Di Gioacchino, Nicola Verna, Rosalba Gornati, Enrico Sabbioni and Giovanni Bernardini 25 Application of Toxicology Studies in Assessing the Health Risks of Nanomaterials in Consumer Products 543 Joyce S. Tsuji, Fionna S. Mowat, Suresh Donthu and Maureen Reitman 26 Safety Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials in Direct Food Additives and Food Contact Materials 581 Penelope A. Rice, Kimberly S. Cassidy, Jeremy Mihalov and T. Scott Thurmond Index 597