Homegirls

In this ground-breaking new book on the Norteña and Sureña (North/South) youth gang dynamic, cultural anthropologist and linguist Norma Mendoza-Denton looks at the daily lives of young Latinas and their innovative use of speech, bodily practices, and symbolic exchanges that signal their gang affiliations and ideologies. Her engrossing ethnographic and sociolinguistic study reveals the connection of language behavior and other symbolic practices among Latina gang girls in California, and their connections to larger social processes of nationalism, racial/ethnic consciousness, and gender identity. An engrossing account of the Norte and Sur girl gangs - the largest Latino gangs in California Traces how elements of speech, bodily practices, and symbolic exchanges are used to signal social affiliation and come together to form youth gang styles Explores the relationship between language and the body: one of the most striking aspects of the tattoos, make-up, and clothing of the gang members Unlike other studies – which focus on violence, fighting and drugs – Mendoza-Denton delves into the commonly-overlooked cultural and linguistic aspects of youth gangs

List of Figures viii List of Tables x Acknowledgments xi Acknowledgment of Sources xiv Introduction 1 1 La Migra 10 2 Beginning Fieldwork 42 3 Norte and Sur: Government, School, and Research Perspectives 76 4 Hemispheric Localism: Language, Racialized Nationalism, and the Politicization of Youth 101 5 "Muy Macha": Gendered Performances and the Avoidance of Social Injury 148 6 Smile Now Cry Later: Memorializing Practices Linking Language, Materiality, and Embodiment 176 7 Icons and Exemplars: Ethnographic Approaches in Variationist Sociolinguistics 207 8 Variation in a Community of Practice 230 9 "That's the Whole Thing [tin]!": Discourse Markers and Teenage Speech 265 10 Conclusion 292 References 297 Appendix 324 Index 328