English and Korean in Contrast

ENGLISH AND KOREAN IN CONTRAST English and Korean in Contrast: A Linguistic Introduction is the first book of its kind to present a comprehensive yet student-friendly comparative review of the grammars of English and Korean. Author Jong-Bok Kim, an internationally-recognized expert, offers rigorous contrastive analyses of all major aspects of English and Korean while addressing common usage errors made by learners of each language. Designed for both English- and Korean-language classrooms, this unique textbook describes and contrasts the two languages at every level from sound, word, and grammar to figurative language and metaphors. Throughout the text, the author uses an accessible, descriptive-based approach that covers both core and peripheral phenomena of English and Korean. Offering invaluable insights into the major sources of difficulty or ease in learning the two languages, English and Korean in Contrast: A Linguistic Introduction is the perfect undergraduate resource not only for English-speaking students studying Korean language and linguistics, but also for Korean-speaking students studying English language and linguistics.

Preface xiii Abbreviations xv 1 Linguistic Differences: Where Do They Come From? 1 1.1 Linguistic Differences 1 1.2 Cultural Differences 3 1.3 Why Contrastive Analyses? 5 1.4 What This Book Is About 6 2 Sounds and Writing Systems: How to Speak and Write 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 English Sound Systems 10 2.3 Korean Hangul Alphabet and Romanization 13 2.4 Korean Sound Systems 15 2.5 Syllable Structures 18 2.6 Suprasegmental Features 21 2.7 Contrastive Notes 23 2.8 Conclusion 25 3 Words: Where Every Sentence Begins 29 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 English Parts of Speech 29 3.3 Korean Parts of Speech 37 3.4 Expanding Verbals and Nominals 47 3.5 Contrastive Notes 53 3.6 Conclusion 56 4 Phrases: Combining Words and Building Larger Expressions 61 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Main Phrases in English 62 4.3 Phrases in Korean 69 4.4 Complex Phrases: Expanding the Size of Phrases 79 4.5 Contrastive Notes 80 4.6 Conclusion 83 5 Grammar Rules: Constructing Sentences 87 5.1 Form and Function 87 5.2 Grammatical Functions 88 5.3 Mapping between Grammatical Function and Form 92 5.4 English Grammar Rules 93 5.5 Korean Grammar Rules 101 5.6 Contrastive Notes 108 5.7 Conclusion 111 6 Tense and Aspect: Describing When and How a Situation Happens 115 6.1 Ways to Describe an Event 115 6.2 How to Describe an Event in English 118 6.3 How to Describe an Event in Korean 126 6.4 Contrastive Notes 137 6.5 Conclusion 139 7 Auxiliary Systems: Helping Main Verbs 143 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 English Auxiliary System 144 7.3 Korean Auxiliary System 152 7.4 Contrastive Notes 162 7.5 Conclusion 165 8 Passive: Performing an Action or Being Acted Upon 169 8.1 Introduction 169 8.2 English Passive Constructions 170 8.3 Korean Passive Constructions 178 8.4 Contrastive Notes 190 8.5 Conclusion 192 9 Interrogative Constructions: Asking a Question 195 9.1 Clausal Types and Interrogatives 195 9.2 English Interrogatives 196 9.3 Korean Interrogatives 208 9.4 Contrastive Notes 220 9.5 Conclusion 222 10 Relative Clauses: Building Bigger Nominal Expressions 227 10.1 Modifying an NP in the Postnominal Position 227 10.2 Relative Clauses in English 228 10.3 Relative Clauses in Korean 238 10.4 Contrastive Notes 249 10.5 Conclusion 251 11 Topic and Focus: Specifying Given and New Information 255 11.1 Introduction 255 11.2 Topic Constructions in English 256 11.3 Topic Constructions in Korean 259 11.4 Focus Constructions in English 268 11.5 Focus Constructions in Korean 274 11.6 Contrastive Notes 283 11.7 Conclusion 286 12 Comparative Constructions: Comparing Two Things or Situations 289 12.1 Introduction 289 12.2 English Comparatives 290 12.3 Korean Comparatives 294 12.4 Contrastive Notes 305 12.5 Conclusion 307 13 Agreement: Harmonizing Together 311 13.1 Introduction 311 13.2 Agreement in English 312 13.3 Agreement in Korean 316 13.4 Contrastive Notes 321 13.5 Conclusion 322 14 Figurative Languages and Metaphors: Those We Live By 325 14.1 Literal vs. Figurative Uses in English 325 14.2 Metaphors in English 327 14.3 Figurative Speech in Korean 330 14.4 Metaphors in Korean 332 14.5 Contrastive Notes 336 14.6 Conclusion 338 Exercises 338 Bibliography 343 Index 353