Formulation

Formulation This book deals with the formulation of industrial products Its field of application goes from food-processing industry to the industry of elastomers showing that the principles of development follow always the same methodology.

Preface xi PART ONE: GENERAL INFORMATION 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 3 André CHEYMOL 1.1. Definition 3 1.2. Historical background 3 1.3. From art to science 8 1.4. Overview of the economical impact of the aforementioned products 14 1.5. Book presentation and structure 15 1.6. Bibliography 16 Chapter 2. Formulation in Major Organic Chemistry Industries 19 André CHEYMOL 2.1. Necessity and concept 19 2.2. Factors affecting different industries 26 2.3. Outlining a methodology 27 2.4. Bibliography 30 PART TWO: CONCEPT AND APPLICATION 31 Chapter 3. Solutions 33 Anne-Marie PENSÉ-LHÉRITIER 3.1. Introduction 33 3.2. Solubilizing in water 35 3.3. Solubilizing in solvents 37 3.4. Processes to help solubilization 43 3.5. Conclusion 48 3.6. Bibliography 49 Chapter 4. Dispersions 53 Gérard HOLTZINGER 4.1. Introduction 53 4.2. Particles and their specificities 54 4.3. Various particle systems and stability issues 62 4.4. Dispersion methods and analysis techniques 89 4.5. Rheology 107 4.6. Bibliography 115 Chapter 5. Formulation of Emulsions 119 Anne-Marie PENSÉ-LHÉRITIER 5.1. General aspects of emulsions 119 5.2. Theoretical considerations on the liquid–liquid interactions 121 5.3. Developing the emulsion 125 5.4. Stabilizing an emulsion 134 5.5. Formulation of emulsions 141 5.6. Conclusion 144 5.7. Bibliography 144 Chapter 6. Suspensions 147 Gérard HOLTZINGER 6.1. Dispersion theory 148 6.2. Formulation of suspensions 155 6.3. Stability agents of suspensions 158 6.4. Specific case of the pharmaceutical realization 164 6.5. Specific case of cosmetics 164 6.6. Using dispersion 167 6.7. Bibliography 183 Chapter 7. Dispersions in High-Viscosity Mediums: Formulating Polymers 185 André CHEYMOL 7.1. Characterization of polymers 185 7.2. Formulation of polymers: general information 198 7.3. Thermal behavior 211 7.4. Heat generation and transmission 216 7.5. Main mixing tools 218 7.6. Conclusion on the polymer formulation rules 227 7.7. Bibliography 227 PART THREE: FORMULATION OF MAJOR PRODUCTS 231 Chapter 8. Dosage Form and Pharmaceutical Development 233 Vincent FAIVRE 8.1. Drugs development 233 8.2. Case study: development of a dosage form for oral administration 246 8.3. Monitoring/checking methods 249 8.4. Bibliography 252 Chapter 9. Formulation of Cosmetic Products 253 Caroline ROUSSEAU 9.1. Introduction 253 9.2. Specifications 254 9.3. Development in the laboratory 256 9.4. Industrial fabrication 265 9.5. Product launch 265 9.6. Regulations 266 9.7. Conclusion 267 Chapter 10. Formulation of Food Products 269 Christine CHÊNÉ 10.1. Specifications 269 10.2. Constraints 271 10.3. Formulation methodology 279 Chapter 11. Formulation of Elastomers 283 André CHEYMOL 11.1. Introduction 283 11.2. Choice of the elastomers 284 11.3. Adjuvants required to obtain crucial functions 290 11.4. Formulation realization: mixture 312 11.5. Conclusion 317 11.6. Bibliography 318 Conclusion 321 List of Authors 323 Index 325