Transforming the Construction Industry with Blockchain

Apply a transformative new technology to construction projects with this timely guide The blockchain is one of the most transformative technologies to emerge in the twenty-first century. But Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning will also have a profound impact in construction in equal measure. Both will influence how digitalization is applied and how these new technologies are addressed with an identifiable skills gap in their implementation. Using a decentralized digital ledger to ensure that information stored across numerous computers cannot be altered, it provides a fully transparent and secure way of storing and sharing information. Transforming the Construction Industry with Blockchain provides a comprehensive overview of this technology and its applications in construction and the building trades. Beginning with an overview of basic blockchain principles and then moving to construction-specific applications, it provides a range of strategies by which construction professionals can increase and streamline their collaborations with other stakeholders and create smarter, more transparent projects. Transforming the Construction Industry with Blockchain readers will also find: Case studies throughout showing blockchain at work in construction projects Detailed discussion of topics including improving data flows on construction projects, reducing sub-contracts and misaligned workflows, and many more Guidance for using blockchain to encourage sustainable and ethically-sourced design and construction Transforming the Construction Industry with Blockchain is ideal for all construction professionals or potential stakeholders in building projects.

Preface x  List of Figures xii  Biography  xiii  Chapter 1: Executive Summary 1  How Digitalisation Has Been Adapted into the Construction Sector 3  How Data Will Drive Generative Architecture Quicker Than We Think 3  Chapter 2: Data Handling 7  Data Mining 11  Data Communication 12  Data Filtration 15  Digital Control Room 16  Data Is a Commodity 17  How Information Can Be Filtered and How Blockchain Will Feature Herein 20  Information Revolution versus Intelligence Revolution 21  Digital Impact 22  Chapter 3: Trust/Opportunities 25  Leverage Devices 28  Light Touch for Agility 29  A Sentient Machine 30  Transference of Information 31  Unlocking Bottlenecks 33  Chapter 4: Education, Learning and Reskilling 35  Artificial Intelligence versus Human Intelligence 36  AI Money versus Performance 37  Chapter 5: Risk 41  Chapter 6: Bim 45  Collaborative Trust, Not Technology, Is Integral to This New Method of Working 47  Beyond BIM Level II 48  BIM as Management Rather Than Modelling 56  Bringing Performance into the Design 71  Materials 72  Chapter 7: Performance 75  Designer Reputation 75  Respect 77  Reward (Incentivisation) 82  Internet of Things (IoT) 83  Artificial Intelligence 84  Bots (AKA Robots) 86  Smart Objects 89  Large Language Models 90  Taxonomies (EU Directive) 91  Chapter 8: Better Practices 93  Promoting Motivation 99  Latent Redundancy 100  Remedial Action 101  Insurance Premiums 102  Chapter 9: Blockchain 105  Provenance 108  Cryptocurrencies 109  AECcoin 110  CERTcoin 112  Crypto Currencies, Historical Relevance to Form a Foundation of the Work Required 114  D’APPS, Most Interesting in How Blockchain Will Infiltrate Much of Our Everyday, Which Is Not Appreciated Today as It Should Be 117  Smart Cities, the Culmination of How These New Technologies Will Impact Architecture, Construction and The Whole Building Sector 121  Off-Grid 123  Servicing 124  Chapter 10: Urban Resilience 127  Horses in New York 128  Autonomous Mobility 129  Contracting in General 131  Chapter 11: Case Studies 139  International Terminal Waterloo Station 139  Terminal 5, Heathrow 140  Blox 144  Leadenhall Building 146  Foundation Louis Vuitton 148  Chapter 12: Sustainability 153  Circular Economies 155  Carbon Emissions 159  Certifying Carbon 160  Trading Carbon Credits 161  Trading in Carbon Exchanges 162  Chapter 13: Issues 165  Tokenisation 165  Wallets, DAPPs and Coding 166  Incentivised by the Token System 167  Chapter 14: Vapourised 173  Chapter 15: Dynamics 177  Brooklyn 178  Ground- up 178  Chapter 16: Skills 185  Knowledge 187  Skills 188  Competences 190  Generic Competences 191  Task- based Learning 192  Verifiable Credentials 193  Transactional Skills 194  Alignment as Technical Body 195  Digital Building Passport 195  Chapter 17: Rewarding Performance 197  Performance, Promoting Better Practices 200  Chapter 18: Smart Contracts 203  Smart Contracts, How They Offer Solutions But Also How The Legal Elements Are Against It 209  The Problem Area of Current Contracting 210  The Problem with Digitalisation 211  ‘Build Trust’, Implementation of Blockchain in the Tender Process 213  ‘Build Trust’ and Blockchain 214  ‘Build Trust’ and Smart Contract 216  ‘Build Trust’ and Future Visions 217  ‘BIM Partner’, Implementation of Blockchain with BIM 217  Smart Contracts, the Legal Parameters and Challenges 219  ‘BIM Partner’ and Smart Contracts 220  ‘BIM Partner’ and Future Visions 220  Summary of Analysis 221  The Construction Blockchain 222  Construction Blockchain and Smart Contract 223  Chapter 19: Digital Twins 225  Robotics (Scanning and Clash Detection), The Mechanics of How It Will Be Implemented 228  Chapter 20: Conclusion 229  Disruptive Technologies, How It Will All Settle 230  Project Work 232  All Change 233  Innovation 235  Problem- Based Learning 237  Group Work 238  How Would You Get a Notorious Non- payer To Step Up to the Plate? 238  References 241  Index 255