Sustainable Development in the Process Industries

The complete, hands-on guide to sustainable development Today's process industries must develop natural resources within an eco-friendly framework that balances current demand with future need. Realizing this goal necessitates global vigilance of three key areas—people, planet, and prosperity—known as the Triple Bottom Line or, simply, the Triple P. Sustainable Development in the Process Industries details how worldwide implementation of sustainable processes in present-day industries can positively influence the Triple P going forward by lowering poverty, reducing pollution, and conserving resources. This in-depth guide includes: Real-world case studies and examples Individual chapters written by industry experts Application in industries such as petroleum and fuel, food, recycling, mineral processing, and water processing Focus on the micro (molecules, unit operations, processes) to the macro (industrial sites, value chains, regions, the world) Providing lessons with practical application rather than pure theory, Sustainable Development in the Process Industries offers sound solutions to social, ecological, and economic challenges imperative to assuring our planet's well-being for generations.

Contributors ix Foreword xi Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 Jan Harmsen 1.1 Reason for This Book, 1 1.2 Scope of the Book, 2 1.3 Use in Education, 2 1.4 Use in Industry, 3 2 Sustainability Metrics, Indicators, and Indices for the Process Industries 5 Joseph B. Powell 2.1 Overview and Scope, 5 2.2 Hierarchy of SD Metrics, Indices, and Indicators, 7 2.3 Practical Tools for the Process Industries, 10 2.4 Summary and Conclusions, 17 References, 19 3 Resource Effi ciency of Chemical Manufacturing Chains: Present and Future 23 Jean-Paul Lange 3.1 Introduction, 23 3.2 Resource Efficiency, 24 3.3 Economic Impact, 32 3.4 Conclusions, 35 References, 35 4 Regional Integration of Processes, Agriculture, and Society 39 Michael Narodoslawsky 4.1 The Formative Character of Raw Materials, 39 4.2 The Systemic Engineering Challenge, 44 4.3 Regional Integration of Technologies, 46 References, 57 5 Eco-industrial Parks in The Netherlands: The Rotterdam Harbor and Industry Complex 59 L. W. Baas and G. Korevaar 5.1 Introduction, 59 5.2 Industrial Ecosystem Programs in Rotterdam, 60 5.3 Conclusions, 76 References, 78 6 By-product Synergy Networks: Driving Innovation Through Waste Reduction and Carbon Mitigation 81 Andrew Mangan and Elsa Olivetti 6.1 Introduction, 81 6.2 BPS Origins, 83 6.3 The BPS Process, 87 6.4 Barriers and Challenges, 94 6.5 Benefi ts and Opportunities, 97 6.6 Examples, 100 6.7 Conclusions, 106 References, 106 7 Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass For Energy and Chemicals: Technologies at Various Scales 109 R. H. Venderbosch and W. Prins 7.1 Introduction, 109 7.2 Oil Properties, 114 7.3 Fast Pyrolysis Process Technologies, 120 7.4 Mass and Energy Balance for Production of Bio-oil and Char in a 2-ton/h Wood Plant, 136 7.5 Bio-oil Fuel Applications, 139 7.6 Chemicals from Bio-oil, 144 7.7 Economics, 148 7.8 Concluding Remarks, 149 References, 150 8 Integrated Corn-Based Biorefi nery: A Study in Sustainable Process Development 157 Carina Maria Alles and Robin Jenkins 8.1 Introduction, 157 8.2 Technology Development for an Integrated Corn-Based Biorefi nery, 159 8.3 LCA Results: ICBR Versus Benchmarks, 165 8.4 Final Refl ections, 168 References, 169 9 Cellulosic Biofuels: A Sustainable Option for Transportation 171 Jean-Paul Lange, Iris Lewandowski, and Paul M. Ayoub 9.1 Introduction, 171 9.2 Case Studies, 175 9.3 Sustainability of Biomass Production, 183 9.4 Conclusions and Recommendations for R&D Activities, 194 Note Added in Proof, 196 References, 196 10 Integrated Urea–Melamine Process at DSM: Sustainable Product Development 199 Tjien T. Tjioe and Johan T. Tinge 10.1 Short Summary of Melamine Development, 199 10.2 Current Uses of Melamine, 200 10.3 Urea Production, 201 10.4 Conventional DSM Stamicarbon Gas-Phase Melamine Production Process, 202 10.5 New Integrated Urea–Melamine Process, 205 10.6 Conclusions, 207 References, 207 11 Sustainable Innovation in the Chemical Industry and Its Commercial Impacts 209 Joseph B. Powell 11.1 Overview, 209 11.2 Historical Perspective, 210 11.3 Innovations in the Age of Sustainability, 212 11.4 Sustainability Driven by Innovation and Performance, 215 References, 216 12 Implementation of Sustainable Strategies in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Based on the Concept of Cleaner Production 219 Johannes Fresner and Jan Sage 12.1 Overview, 219 12.2 Active Strategies for Sustainable Management, 220 12.3 Eloxieranstalt A. Heuberger GmbH: Sustainable Management in an Anodizing Plant, 221 12.4 Analysis of the Results, 226 12.5 Implementation of Sustainable Strategies, 230 Appendix: A Successful Regional Cleaner Production Project, 231 References, 236 13 Sustainable Concepts in Metals Recycling and Mineral Processing 237 Nitosh Kumar Brahma 13.1 Overview, 237 13.2 Bioleaching Process Design and Development, 238 13.3 Bioleaching Reactor Design: Applicability of the Core Particle Model, 241 13.4 Industrial Applications, 243 13.5 Conclusions, 245 References, 246 14 Industrial Ecosystem Principles in Industrial Symbiosis: By-product Synergy 249 Qingzhong Wu 14.1 Introduction, 249 14.2 Relationship Between Industrial Symbiosis and Sustainable Development, 250 14.3 Challenges, Barriers, and Countermeasures in Exploration, Evaluation, and Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis, 252 14.4 What By-Product Synergy Is and Is Not, 253 14.5 Work Process and Successful Cases of Industrial Symbiosis, 254 14.6 Conclusions and Recommendations, 261 References, 263 Index 265