Designing with Models

The newly updated guide to design process modeling techniques Designing with Models, Third Edition is the revised, step-by-step guide to basic and advanced design process modeling. This comprehensive text explains the process from start to finish, and has been expanded to include up-to-date information on digital modeling programs and rapid prototyping processes. The impact of this new wave of 3D modeling technology is examined through interviews and numerous examples from renowned architects. Along with many new student projects, this new Third Edition features information on cutting-edge digital imaging equipment and design software, as well as many new process models from celebrated professional projects. Architect Criss Mills acquaints architecture and design professionals with essential modeling terms, design processes, equipment, materials, and construction methods. Fully updated with nearly 200 new photos and twenty-six new projects from students and firms, Designing with Models, Third Edition walks readers through the basics of: Material and tool selection Construction techniques Determining scale Generating ideas Exploring design processes and alternatives Modifying design work directly on the model Developing design work through modeling scale Offering increased emphasis on transitioning from hand craft to digital craft, this thorough Third Edition also provides easy-to-follow guidelines for modeling with advanced tools and materials, demonstrating how to: Master the modeling of curvilinear components with planar material and casting techniques Explore ideas with mixed media, such as wood, found objects, metal rods and screens, clay, and Plexiglas Work backwards from model information to produce 2D plan, section, and elevation drawings Record and communicate 3D design work Begin exploring the safe and effective use of power tools, such as belt sanders, table saws, drills, band saws, and welding equipment

Acknowledgments vii Foreword vii Introduction vii Model History viii Chapter 1 Model Types 1 Typical Model Types Employed in the Design Process Model Types 2 Chapter 2 Exploration 29 A Framework for Conceiving and Using Models in the Design Process An Overview of Section Concepts 30 Scale 30 Ideas 33 Alternatives 38 Site Models 41 Manipulation 44 Development 56 Chapter 3 Project Development 65 Academic Examples in Support of Exploration Focusing 66 College Complex 67 Courthouse 68 Chapel Addition 69 BiblioTierra Library 70 Observatory 71 Piranesi’s Labyrinth Museum 72 Southern Culture Complex 73 Design/Build Project 74 Urban Museum/Plaza 76 Chapter 4 Project Development in Practice 77 Design Firm Examples in Support of Exploration Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects (Formerly Scogin Elam and Bray) 78 Callas, Shortridge Associates 87 Roto Architects Inc. 89 Enric Miralles and Benedetta Tagliabue Architects (EMBT Architects) 91 3XN 97 BIG Bjarke Ingels Group 101 Henning Larsen Architects 107 Chapter 5 Rapid Prototyping 115 Using Digital Information to Produce Physical Models Computer Modeling 116 Digitizing 122 Rapid Prototyping 123 3D Printers 125 3D Printer Examples 126 Laser Cutting 133 CNC Milling—Computer Numerically Controlled Cutting 135 Chapter 6 Digital Practice 139 Combining Digital and Physical Model Information in Professional Practice Morphosis 140 Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects 142 Eisenman Architects 144 Gehry Partners, LLP 146 Garofalo Architects 150 Antoine Predock 152 Coop Himmelb(l)au 154 Chapter 7 Basic Assemblage 159 Basic Techniques for Assembling Model Components Cutting Materials 160 Attaching Parts 164 Fitting Components 169 Templating 173 Finishes 176 Site Work 178 Chapter 8 Advanced Assemblage 183 Advanced Techniques for Form Making Found Objects 184 Planar Forms 186 Planar Solids 188 Transparent Forms 190 Covering Frames 191 Interior Skeletal Frames 192 Transparent Plastic 193 Curvilinear Solids 194 Cut and Carved Forms 196 Cutting and Carving Wood 197 Building with Plaster and Anchoring Cement 198 Building with Plaster 199 Covering Styrofoam 201 Coating Chipboard 202 Molding with Plaster and Resins 203 Basic Casting 204 Casting Molds 205 Malleable Materials 206 Chapter 9 Assemblage Case Studies 207 Step-by-Step Case Studies of Assembly Techniques Case Study A: Residence 208 Case Study B: Sculpture Foundry 223 Case Study C: Office Building 226 Chapter 10 Tools 229 Equipment and Materials Equipment 230 Materials 236 Appendix 243 Topics for Continuing Exploration Alternative Media 244 Transferring Model Data 249 Model Photography 251 Digital Media 255 Resources 257 Credits 261 Academic Architecture Programs 261 Design Professionals 264 Photography Credits 270 Index 273