Post-Perovskite

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 174. Discovery of the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3, expected to occur for deep mantle conditions, was first announced in April 2004. This immediately stimulated numerous studies in experimental and theoretical mineral physics, seismology, and geodynamics evaluating the implications of a major lower mantle phase change. A resulting revolution in our understanding of the D″ region in the lowermost mantle is well underway. This monograph presents the multidisciplinary advances to date ensuing from interpreting deep mantle seismological structures and dynamical processes in the context of the experimentally and theoretically determined properties of the post-perovskite phase change; the last silicate phase change likely to occur with increasing pressure in lowermost mantle rocks.

Preface Charles T. Prewitt vii An Introduction to Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition Kei Hirose, John Brodholt, Thorne Lay, and David A. Yuen 1 Section I: Mineral Physics (Experimental) Review of Experimental Studies on Mantle Phase Transitions Takehiko Yagi 9 Discovery of Post-Perovskite Phase Transition and the Nature of D” Layer Kei Hirose 19 Effect of Iron on the Properties of Post-Perovskite Silicate Wendy L. Mao, Andrew J. Campbell, Vitali B. Prakapenka, Russell J. Hemley, and Ho-kwang Mao 37 Electronic Transitions and Spin States in the Lower Mantle Jie Li 47 Lattice-Preferred Orientation of Lower Mantle Materials and Seismic Anisotropy in the D” Layer Daisuke Yamazaki and Shun-ichiro Karato 69 Section II: Mineral Physics (Theoretical) Thermodynamic Properties and Stability Field of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite Renata M. Wentzcovitch, Koichiro Umemoto, Taku Tsuchiya, and Jun Tsuchiya 79 The High-Temperature Elasticity of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite Stephen Stackhouse and John P. Brodholt 99 Effect of Chemistry on the Physical Properties of Perovskite and Post-Perovskite Razvan Caracas and Ronald E. Cohen 115 Section III: Seismology Reconciling the Post-Perovskite Phase With Seismological Observations of Lowermost Mantle Structure Thorne Lay and Edward J. Garnero 129 Predicting a Global Perovskite and Post-Perovskite Phase Boundary Daoyuan Sun, Don Helmberger, Xiaodong Song, and Stephen P. Grand 155 Seismic Anisotropy of Post-Perovskite and the Lowermost Mantle James Wookey and John-Michael Kendall 171 Constraints on the Presence or Absence of Post-Perovskite in the Lowermost Mantle From Long-Period Seismology Christine Houser 191 Section IV: Dynamics Mantle Dynamics and the D″ Layer: Impacts of the Post Perovskite Phase W.R. Peltier 217 Influence of the Post-Perovskite Transition on Thermal and Thermo-Chemical Mantle Convection Paul J. Tackley, Takashi Nakagawa, and John W. Hernlund 229 The Dynamical Influences From Physical Properties in the Lower Mantle and Post-Perovskite Phase Transition David A. Yuen, Ctirad Matyska, Ondr¡ej C¡adek, and Masanori Kameyama 249 Deformation-Induced Mechanical Instabilities at the Core-Mantle Boundary Nick Petford, Tracy Rushmer, and David A. Yuen 271