Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics

Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.

Contributors xix Series Preface xxiii Preface xxv About the Editors xxix I INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction to Feedstock Recycling of Plastics 3 A. Buekens II CATALYTIC CRACKING 43 2 Acid-Catalyzed Cracking of Polyolefins: Primary Reaction Mechanisms 45 Robert L. White 3 Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes 73 J. Aguado, D. P. Serrano and J. M. Escola 4 Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefins 111 Jerzy Walendziewski 5 Thermal and Catalytic Degradation of Waste HDPE 129 Kyong-Hwan Lee 6 Development of a Process for the Continuous Conversion of Waste Plastics Mixtures to Fuel 161 Takao Masuda and Teruoki Tago 7 Catalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste to Fuel over Microporous Materials 193 George Manos 8 Liquefaction of Municipal Waste Plastics over Acidic and Nonacidic Catalysts 209 Jale Yanik and Tamer Karayildirim 9 Kinetic Model of the Chemical and Catalytic Recycling of Waste Polyethylene into Fuels 225 Norbert Miskolczi III QUALITY OF FUELS 249 10 Production of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Pyrolysis and Gasification of Plastics: Technological Approach 251 C. Gisele Jung and Andre Fontana 11 Yield and Composition of Gases and Oils/Waxes from the Feedstock Recycling of Waste Plastic 285 Paul T. Williams 12 Composition of Liquid Fuels Derived from the Pyrolysis of Plastics 315 Marianne Blazso 13 Production of Premium Oil Products from Waste Plastic by Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing 345 S.J. Miller, N. Shah and G.P. Huffman 14 The Conversion of Waste Plastics/Petroleum Residue Mixtures to Transportation Fuels 363 Mohammad Farhat Ali and Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui IV REACTOR TYPES 381 15 Overview of Commercial Pyrolysis Processes for Waste Plastics 383 John Scheirs 16 Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes 435 Umberto Arena and Maria Laura Mastellone 17 The Hamburg Fluidized-bed Pyrolysis Process to Recycle Polymer Wastes and Tires 475 Walter Kaminsky 18 Liquefaction of PVC Mixed Plastics 493 Thallada Bhaskar and Yusaku Sakata 19 Liquid Fuel from Plastic Wastes Using Extrusion–Rotary Kiln Reactors 531 Sam Behzadi and Mohammed Farid 20 Rotary Kiln Pyrolysis of Polymers Containing Heteroatoms 549 Andreas Hornung and Helmut Seifert 21 Microwave Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes 569 C. Ludlow-Palafox and H.A. Chase 22 Continuous Thermal Process for Cracking Polyolefin Wastes to Produce Hydrocarbons 595 Jean Dispons 23 Waste Plastic Pyrolysis in Free-Fall Reactors 605 Ali Y. Bilges¨u, M. ¸ Cetin Ko¸cak, and Ali Karaduman V MONOMER RECOVERY 625 24 Monomer Recovery of Plastic Waste in a Fluidized Bed Process 627 Walter Kaminsky 25 Feedstock Recycling of PET 641 Toshiaki Yoshioka and Guido Grause VI ASIAN DEVELOPMENTS 663 26 The Liquefaction of Plastic Containers and Packaging in Japan 665 A. Okuwaki, T. Yoshioka, M. Asai, H. Tachibana, K. Wakai, K. Tada 27 Process and Equipment for Conversions of Waste Plastics into Fuels 709 Alka Zadgaonkar 28 Converting Waste Plastics into Liquid Fuel by Pyrolysis: Developments in China 729 Yuan Xingzhong References 750 Index 757