Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics

Presents numerical algorithms, procedures, and techniques required to solve engineering problems relating to the interactions between electromagnetic fields and fluid flow and interdisciplinary technology for aerodynamics, electromagnetics, chemical-physic kinetics, and plasmadynamics Integrates interlinking computational model and simulation techniques of aerodynamics and electromagnetics Combines classic plasma drift-diffusion theory and electron impact ionization modeling for electromagnetic-aerodynamic interactions Describes models of internal degrees of freedom for vibration relaxation and electron excitations

Preface ix 1 Plasma Fundamentals 1 Introduction, 1 1.1 Electromagnetic Field, 3 1.2 Debye Length, 7 1.3 Plasma Frequency, 10 1.4 Poisson Equation of Plasmadynamics, 12 1.5 Electric Conductivity, 13 1.6 Generalized Ohm's Law, 16 1.7 Maxwell's Equations, 19 1.8 Waves in Plasma, 20 1.9 Electromagnetic Waves Propagation, 23 1.10 Joule Heating, 27 1.11 Transport Properties, 29 1.12 Ambipolar Diffusion, 32 2 Ionization Processes 36 Introduction, 36 2.1 Microscopic Description of Gas, 38 2.2 Macroscopic Description of Gas, 43 2.3 Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium, 47 2.4 Saha Equation of Ionization, 50 2.5 Ionization Mechanisms, 51 2.6 Photoionization, 54 2.7 Thermal Ionization, 56 2.8 Electron Impact Ionization, 61 3 Magnetohydrodynamics Formulation 69 Introduction, 69 3.1 Basic Assumptions of MHD, 71 3.2 Ideal MHD Equations, 74 3.3 Eigenvalues of Ideal MHD Equation, 80 3.4 Full MHD Equations, 86 3.5 Shock Jump Condition in Plasma, 91 3.6 Solutions of MHD Equations, 95 4 Computational Electromagnetics 102 Introduction, 102 4.1 Time-Dependent Maxwell Equations, 105 4.2 Characteristic-Based Formulation, 108 4.3 Governing Equations on Curvilinear Coordinates, 112 4.4 Far Field Boundary Conditions, 121 4.5 Finite-Difference Approximation, 123 4.6 Finite-Volume Approximation, 131 4.7 High-Resolution Algorithms, 137 5 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Scattering 146 Introduction, 146 5.1 Plane Electromagnetic Waves, 147 5.2 Motion in Waveguide, 150 5.3 Wave Passes through Plasma Sheet, 155 5.4 Pyramidal Horn Antenna, 160 5.5 Wave Reflection and Scattering, 168 5.6 Radar Signature Reduction, 177 5.7 A Prospective of CEM in the Time Domain, 180 6 Computational Fluid Dynamics 192 Introduction, 192 6.1 Governing Equations, 194 6.2 Viscous-Inviscid Interactions, 199 6.3 Self-Sustained Oscillations, 209 6.4 Vortical Dynamics, 221 6.5 Laminar-Turbulent Transition, 228 7 Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics 237 Introduction, 237 7.1 Multifluid Plasma Model, 239 7.2 Governing Equations of CEA, 242 7.3 Chemical Kinetics for Thermal Ionization, 250 7.4 Chemical Kinetics for Electron Impact Ionization, 258 7.5 Transport Properties, 262 7.6 Numerical Algorithms, 268 8 Modeling Electron Impact Ionization 279 Introduction, 279 8.1 Transport Property via Drift-Diffusion Theory, 282 8.2 Drift-Diffusion Theory in Transverse Magnetic Field, 289 8.3 Boundary Conditions on Electrodes, 292 8.4 Quantum Chemical Kinetics, 300 8.5 Numerical Algorithms, 305 8.6 Innovative Numerical Procedures, 311 9 Joule-Heating Actuators 325 Introduction, 325 9.1 Features of Direct Current Discharge, 327 9.2 Virtual Leading Edge Strake, 333 9.3 Magnetic Field Amplification, 341 9.4 Virtual Variable Geometry Cowl, 349 9.5 Trailing Edge of Airfoil, 358 9.6 Hydrodynamic Stability and Self-Oscillation, 362 10 Lorentz-Force Actuator 369 Introduction, 369 10.1 Remote Energy Deposition, 371 10.2 Stagnation Point Heat Transfer Mitigation, 376 10.3 Features of Dielectric Barrier Discharge, 379 10.4 Periodic Electrostatic Force, 390 10.5 DBD Flow Control Actuator, 402 10.6 Laminar-Turbulent Transition, 406 10.7 Ion Thrusters for Space Exploration, 408 10.8 Plasma Micro Jet, 413 Index 419