Stem Cell Therapeutics

Discover the revolutionary potential of stem cell therapy and gain a comprehensive understanding of its applications, challenges, and ethical considerations across various medical fields with Stem Cell Therapeutics, a must-read for anyone interested in the future of medicine. Stem Cell Therapeutics delves into the forefront of medical research, exploring the revolutionary potential of stem cell therapy in combating a wide array of diseases. This comprehensive volume provides a thorough examination of the subject matter, offering insights into the latest advancements, methodologies, and applications of stem cell therapeutics. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon expertise from fields such as biology, medicine, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Readers can expect to encounter in-depth discussions on the use of stem cells in treating various medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. Each chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research for each disease, highlighting the challenges, successes, and prospects of stem cell-based therapies. Additionally, the book explores ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and commercialization strategies surrounding the field, ensuring a well-rounded understanding of the subject matter for readers at all levels of expertise.

Preface xxix 1 Unraveling the Mechanisms: Insights Into Stem Cell Behavior in Disease Microenvironments 1 Pranshul Sethi, Aniruddha Sen, Sonima, Ayush Madan, Syed Mohsin Waheed and Bibhas Kumar Bhunia 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Stem Cell Biology and the Stem Cell Niche 4 1.3 Disease Microenvironments and Their Impact on Stem Cells 9 1.4 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms 12 1.5 Techniques for Studying Stem Cell Behavior in Diseased States 16 1.6 Stem Cell Dynamics in Various Diseases 19 1.7 Therapeutic Implications 24 1.8 Case Studies 27 1.9 Future Directions 29 2 CRISPR-Cas9 and Beyond: Gene Editing Frontiers in Stem Cell Therapeutics 39 Pranshul Sethi, Sonali Rastogi, Kajal Sherawat, Neetu Panwar, Ayush Madan and Mojahidul Islam 2.1 Introduction 40 2.2 Significance of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology 41 2.3 Overview of Stem Cell Therapeutics 42 2.4 Fundamentals of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology 42 2.5 Ethical and Regulatory Considerations 50 2.6 Applications in Stem Cell Research 51 2.7 Stem Cells: A Therapeutic Frontier 52 2.8 CRISPR-Cas9 in Stem Cell Therapeutics 62 2.9 Beyond CRISPR-Cas9: Emerging Gene Editing Technologies 79 2.10 Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) 84 2.11 Future Prospects and Challenges 95 2.12 Conclusion 100 3 Future Vistas: Revolutionary Technologies and Paradigms in Stem Cell Therapeutics 107 Dattatraya M. Shinkar, Sharayu P. Rathod, Priyanka D. Dabir, Sandip R. Purkar, Deepali D. Bhandari and Sunil V. Amrutkar 3.1 Introduction 108 3.2 Characteristics of Several Stem Cell Types Employed in Therapeutic Applications 110 3.3 Recent Advancements and Applications of Stem Cell Therapy 120 3.4 Current Limitations 123 3.5 Innovative Isolation and Culture Techniques and Their Use in Research on Stem Cells 125 3.6 Future Prospects 134 4 Nanobiomaterials at the Nexus: Integrating Stem Cells and Nanotechnology for Precision Therapeutics 159 Aditya Banerjee and Deepika Arora 4.1 Introduction 160 4.2 Nanobiomaterials: Tailoring the Cellular Microenvironment 163 4.3 Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine 171 4.4 Exosomes: Natural Nanocarriers for Intercellular Communication 179 4.5 Reprogramming Immunity for Cancer Through CAR-T Cell Therapy 189 4.6 Integrating Nanobiomaterials with Stem Cells and CAR-T Cells 194 4.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives 204 4.8 Conclusion 210 4.9 Summary 215 5 Exosomes from Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents for Cardiovascular Regeneration 227 Maryam Taghavi Narmi, Nikoo Baghal Darbandi, Abdulwahab Teflischi Gharavi, Ali Babaeizad and Mohsen Sheykhhasan 5.1 Introduction 228 5.2 Biogenesis and Characteristics of Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes 242 5.3 Mechanism of Cardiovascular Regeneration Mediated by Exosomes 249 5.4 Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases 269 5.5 Preclinical and Clinical Studies 272 5.6 Challenges and Future Directions 277 5.7 Conclusion 279 6 Cardiovascular Renaissance: Stem Cell Strategies for Heart Diseases 309 Apurva, Pracheta Janmeda, Divya Kumari, Narotam Sharma and Priya Chaudhary 6.1 Introduction 310 6.2 Stem Cell Types Considered for the Treatment of Heart Disease 311 6.3 Stem Cell Therapy Against Different Heart Diseases 317 6.4 Mechanism of Stem-Cell Based Therapy for Heart Disease 325 6.5 Gene-Modified Stem Cells 328 6.6 Limitations of Stem Cell Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases 331 6.7 Strategies for Improving Stem Cell Therapy 335 6.8 Bioengineering Strategies: New Era 336 6.9 Conclusion 338 7 Neurological Disorders: Advancements in Stem-Cell-Based Treatments 351 Dheeraj Sharma and Shriyansh Srivastava 7.1 Introduction 352 7.2 Types of Stem Cells 353 7.3 Mechanisms of Action 357 7.4 Technological Advancements in Stem Cell Research 358 7.5 Stem-Cell-Based Treatments for Specific Neurological Disorders 362 7.6 Clinical Trials and Case Studies 365 7.7 Ethical Considerations and Regulatory Challenges 367 7.8 Future Directions and Potential Innovations 370 7.9 Conclusion 372 8 Stem Cell Therapy for Metabolic Disorders: Harnessing the Power of Stem Cells to Treat Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders 381 Sindhu D. Bali, Anand Kumar Shukla, Rosaleen Sahoo, Varsha A. Mahadik and Narendra Kadoo 8.1 Introduction 382 8.2 Clinical Applications of Stem Cell Therapy for Metabolic Disorders 389 8.3 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Action of Stem Cells in Metabolic Disorders 391 8.4 Challenges and Limitations of Stem Cell Therapy for Metabolic Disorders 396 8.5 Future Directions for Stem Cell Therapy in Metabolic Disorders 399 8.6 Conclusions 401 9 Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disorders: Harnessing the Power of Stem Cell 409 Neha Kamboj, Rahul Kumar and Debasis Mitra 9.1 Introduction 410 9.2 SCs: Types and Characteristics 412 9.3 Mechanisms of SC-Based Immunomodulation 414 9.4 Clinical Applications of SCs in Autoimmune Disorders 427 9.5 Challenges and Considerations in SC Therapy 442 9.6 Conclusion 453 10 The Microbiome Connection: Exploring Interactions with Stem Cell Therapies 463 Rizwan Ahamad, Asad Ali, Priya Manna, Neha Quadri, Zuber Khan, Radheshyam Pal, Mohammad Muztaba, Shakira Ghazanfar, Anas Islam, Asif Iqbal and Sumel Ashique 10.1 Introduction 464 10.2 The Function of Microbiota in Gut Health 464 10.3 The Intersection of Microbiome and Stem Cell Research 465 10.4 Microbiota Metabolites and Stem Cell Differentiation 466 10.5 Modulation of Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation 468 10.6 Influences on Stem Cell Engraftment 471 10.7 Role in Neurological Diseases 474 10.8 Emerging Significance of Gut Microbiota in Neurogenesis 475 10.9 Clinical Trials 477 10.10 Role in Gastrointestinal Diseases 477 10.11 Microbiome Influence on Tumor Microenvironment 482 10.12 Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy 485 10.13 Microbiome Engineering and Integration of Multi-Omics for Personalized Medicine 487 11 Cellular Synchrony: Coordinated Strategies for Effective Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells 505 Amit Anand, Santhepete Nanjundiah Manjula and Mruthunjaya Kenganora 11.1 Introduction to Cellular Synchrony and Tissue Regeneration 506 11.2 Fundamentals of Stem Cells 509 11.3 Mechanisms of Cellular Synchrony 518 11.4 Methods of Investigating Cell Synchrony 520 11.5 Strategies for Enhancing Cellular Synchrony in Tissue Regeneration 522 11.6 Applications of Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration 527 11.7 Challenges and Future Directions 530 12 Tissue Engineering Paradigms: Creating Functional Replacements with Stem Cells 541 Karan Goel, Isha Chawla, Garima, Sarita Sharma and Sumeet Gupta 12.1 Introduction to Tissue Engineering 542 12.2 Fundamentals of Stem Cells 542 12.3 Biomaterials and Components in Tissue Engineering 544 12.4 Cell-Seeding Techniques 547 12.5 Bioreactor Systems for Tissue Culture 549 12.6 Clinical Applications of Tissue Engineering 552 12.7 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations 556 12.8 Future Directions in Tissue Engineering 564 12.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 568 13 Personalized Medicine Frontiers: Interrelating Stem Cell Microenvironments with Stem Cell Therapies for Individual Patients 575 Sagar Mondal, Swati Priya, Jutishna Bora, Smita Lata, Ajay Kumar Mahalka and Sumira Malik 13.1 Introduction 576 13.2 Stem Cells and their Microenvironments as Personalized Medicine 578 13.3 The Disease Microenvironment: A Complex Ecosystem 580 13.4 Stem Cell Plasticity and Adaptation 585 13.5 Stem Cell Dysfunction in Disease 588 13.6 Stem Cell Therapy for Human Diseases 594 13.7 Conclusion 595 14 Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: Current Advances and Future Directions 599 Anand Kumar Shukla, Sindhu D. Bali, Varsha A. Mahadik, Rosaleen Sahoo and Narendra Kadoo 14.1 Introduction 599 14.2 Current Clinical Applications of Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer 608 14.3 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Action of Stem Cells 611 14.4 Challenges and Limitations of Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer 615 14.5 Future Directions for Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment 617 14.6 Summary and Conclusions 621 15 Challenges and Breakthroughs: Lessons from Stem-Cell-Based Cancer Therapies 629 Priya Chaudhary, Ayush Madan, Divya Kumari, Apurva and Pracheta Janmeda 15.1 Introduction 630 15.2 Current Hurdles in Stem-Cell-Based Treatment for Cancer 631 15.3 Stem Cell Classification and their Properties 634 15.4 Mechanism Underlying the Action of Stem Cells in Cancer 636 15.5 Potential Application of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment 638 15.6 Other Applications of Stem-Cell-Based Cancer Therapy 643 15.7 Factors Influencing Stem Cell Therapy 645 15.8 Diapause and Hibernation Mechanism in Cancer Stem Cells 647 15.9 Cancer Stem Cell Models 648 15.10 Biomarkers Associated with Cancer 650 15.11 Side Effects Related with Stem Cell Therapy 652 15.12 Challenges to Stem Cell Therapy 655 15.13 Strategies to Improve the Anticancer Efficacy of Stem-Cell-Based Therapy 657 15.14 Conclusion 659 16 Clinical Trials and Triumphs: Navigating the Path from Bench to Bedside 673 Abdelmonem Siddiq, Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan, Abdalla Ali, Shubham Shrestha and Ejaz Ahmad Khan 16.1 Introduction 674 16.2 Current and Ongoing Clinical Trials 676 16.3 Approved Stem Cell Therapies 687 16.4 Challenges in Clinical Trials 693 16.5 Conclusion 695 17 Beyond Borders: Global Perspectives on Stem Cell Therapeutics 705 N.L. Swathi, Praveen Mallari, Mihir Dabhi and Shweta Shrivastava 17.1 Introduction 706 17.2 Global Advances in Stem Cell Research 707 17.3 Regional Regulatory Frameworks 717 17.4 Ethical Considerations and Public Perception 719 17.5 Challenges and Barriers 724 17.6 Future Directions 729 17.7 Conclusion 733 18 Ethical Considerations in Stem Cell Therapeutics: Striking a Balance 739 Rahul Kumar, Ayush Madan, Debasis Mitra and Jyotsana Singh Chandravanshi 18.1 Introduction 740 18.2 Properties of Stem Cells 741 18.3 Sources of Stem Cell 742 18.4 Research on Stem Cells 744 18.5 Source and Ethical Concerns of Deriving Stem Cells 744 18.6 Research Ethics Concerns and Process 747 18.7 Ethical Concerns Throughout the Clinical Phase and After 748 18.8 Fundamental Methods of Stem Cell Research in Different Nations 750 References 753 Index 757