Walter Kohn: From Kindertransport And Internment To Dft And The Nobel Prize (1版)

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【簡介】 Walter Kohn, 1998 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry and discoverer of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), died in 2016 at the grand age of 93. This book is the first ever biography of Kohn, who led a remarkable life and scientific career, not least the fact that his DFT theory has emerged as the underlying computational method for molecular simulation used throughout the physical and life sciences. Taking us on a compelling journey, Sir David Clary traces Kohn's early life in Vienna and his dramatic escape from the Nazis on the Kindertransport to England in 1939, followed by Kohn's internment as an "enemy alien" and his transportation to Canada in 1940. His subsequent scientific career is discussed in detail, including his remarkable sabbatical in France when he discovered DFT, and his enduring efforts on peace initiatives and reduction of nuclear proliferation. An extraordinary story of a theoretical physicist winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Walter Kohn is a sparkling chronicle of one of the great scientists of the 20th century who forever changed the way contemporary science is done. 【目錄】 Contents: Vienna Kindertransport Internment Toronto Family and Schoolfriends Harvard Pittsburgh San Diego DFT Pople Santa Barbara Nobel Politics Legacy

NOBEL PRIZES: GENES, VIRUSES AND CELLULAR SIGNALING

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The present book discusses the Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine from 1969 to 1971. The 1969 prize recognized Max Delbrück, Alfred Hershey and Salvador Luria. Their pioneering studies of viruses infecting bacteria, bacteriophages, from the mid-1940s through the 1950s laid the foundation for the wide field of molecular biology. The nature of the gene was finally understood. Insights into the biochemistry of the critical information molecules, the nucleic acids, opened wide vistas for interpreting their expression and the interaction of their product with other gene products. The contact between the endings of a nerve and a target cell, the synapse, has always stirred the imagination of scientists. A number of the insights gained have been highlighted by Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine. In 1970 the prize recognized Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod. They had revealed how signaling substances in the nerve terminals were stored in packages, released by membrane fusion and inactivated or reused by particular metabolic events. The recipient of the 1971 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was a single scientist, Earl Sutherland. He had identified critical molecules in cells that allow signals elicited at their surface via a number of internal steps to influence the expression of specific genes in the nucleus. The new kind of information transmitting molecules were referred to as "secondary messengers". They represent a critical part of a highly complex network of signaling controlling the operative conditions of the cell by adjustments of the so-called intermediary metabolism. The widening insights into functions of specialized cells and their complex interactions have led to the development of many kinds of remedies. Sample Chapter(s) Preface Chapter 1: A Nobel Prize that Was Never Awarded Contents: A Nobel Prize that Was Never Awarded Contrasting Personalities and the Birth of a Discipline A Humble Experimentalist and Finally a Nobel Prize Advance of Knowledge is a Many-Splendored Thing The Interwar Tectonic Shift in Dominance in Natural Sciences Born to Become a Nobel Prize Recipient A Late Blooming Scientist A Prize Combination Decided by the Nobel Committee A Particular Year of Only Single Nobel Prize Recipients Readership: General.