Terahertz Liquid Photonics

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As a bridge between electronics and photonics, terahertz science and technology has made tremendous progress in the past decades. While terahertz wave generation from gas, solid and plasma with femtosecond laser excitation has been widely used, terahertz liquid photonics is a newly emerging topic in recent years. This book includes the most recent experimental results, theoretical analysis, and simulated calculations on terahertz emission and detection from liquid materials under ultrashort-pulse laser excitation, providing readers a comprehensive understanding of current developments in terahertz liquid photonics. By comparing with traditional sources, distinctive properties of terahertz wave generation from liquids are discussed in detail, which provides a new perspective in exploring laser-matter interactions. Sample Chapter(s) Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Terahertz Wave Generation via Laser-Produced Ionization Contents: Preface About the Editors Introduction Terahertz Wave Generation via Laser-Produced Ionization The Basics of Broadband Terahertz Wave Generation from Liquids Plasma Generation in Liquid Water Under Intense Laser Irradiation Plasma-based Terahertz Wave Generation in Liquids Giant Nonlinearity of Liquids in the Terahertz Frequency Range Spatio-temporal Control of Intense Laser-Induced Terahertz/X-ray Emission from Water Terahertz Wave Generation from Water Lines Terahertz Wave Generation from Unique Liquids Ultrafast Dynamics in Liquids Excited by Intense Terahertz Waves Liquid-based Coherent Detection of Broadband Terahertz Pulses Index Readership: Academics, researchers, lecturers, and graduate students in universities and institutes in terahertz photonics and spectroscopy, laser physics, AMO physics, ultrafast science, and related areas such as semiconductors, photochemistry and physical chemistry.

Computing and Analysing Energy Minimisation Problems in Liquid Crystals

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How does one numerically analyse different phases of liquid crystals? With the help of some open-source libraries, what can we do in exploiting the mathematical models of liquid crystals and numerical aspects of their typical defects? There are many excellent books on liquid crystals, but none on their numerics to the knowledge of the author. This book presents some of the latest work on numerical investigations of liquid crystals, addressing some mathematical modelling and numerical problems. This book consists of three major parts, each of which focuses on different problems for different phases of liquid crystals: nematics and cholesterics, ferronematics and smectics. The associated topics include robust solvers for cholesterics, multiple solutions for ferronematics, and mathematical modelling theory for smectics, etc. This interdisciplinary book can be helpful in utilising the open-source libraries Firedrake (for solving problems using finite element methods) and Defcon (for computing multiple solutions) to solve general energy minimisation problems. Sample Chapter(s) Preface Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: A Mathematical Model of Nematics and Cholesterics Contents: Introduction Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: A Mathematical Model of Nematics and Cholesterics A Robust Multigrid Algorithm for the Augmented Director Block Numerical Experiments for Nematics and Cholesterics Ferronematic Liquid Crystals: A Mathematical Model of Ferronematics Computing Multiple Solutions Using Deflation Numerical Verifications for Ferronematics Smectic Liquid Crystals: A Mathematical Model of Smectics Finite Element Discretisation Numerical Experiments for Smectics Conclusions and Perspectives: Summary and Conclusions Appendices: Stability of the Newton System Equilibrium Equations in Two Dimensions Readership: Advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in numerical modelling of liquid crystals; researchers in the fields of mathematical theories and numerical aspects in liquid crystals.

Liquid Crystals: New Perspectives

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DESCRIPTION This book on liquid crystals reports on the new perspectives that have been brought about by the recent expansion of frontiers and overhaul of common beliefs. First, it explores the interaction of light with mesophases, when the light or matter is endowed with topological defects. It goes on to show how electrophoresis, electro-osmosis and the swimming of flagellated bacteria are affected by the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals. It also reports on the recent progress in the understanding of thermomechanical and thermohydrodynamical effects in cholesterics and deformed nematics and refutes the common belief that these effects could explain Lehmann’s observations of the rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. It then studies the physics of the dowser texture, which has remarkable properties. This is of particular interest in regards to nematic monopoles, which can easily be generated, set into motion and collided within it. Finally, this book deals with the spontaneous emergence of chirality in nematics made of achiral molecules, and provides a brief historical context of chirality