Einstein's General Theory of Relativity

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Einstein's general theory of relativity can be a notoriously difficult subject for students approaching it for the first time, with arcane mathematical concepts such as connection coefficients and tensors adorned with a forest of indices. This book is an elementary introduction to Einstein's theory and the physics of curved space-times that avoids these complications as much as possible. Its first half describes the physics of black holes, gravitational waves and the expanding Universe, without using tensors. Only in the second half are Einstein's field equations derived and used to explain the dynamical evolution of the early Universe and the creation of the first elements. Each chapter concludes with problem sets and technical mathematical details are given in the appendices. This short text is intended for undergraduate physics students who have taken courses in special relativity and advanced mechanics.

Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein`s General Relativity (1版)

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書名：Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein`s General Relativity (PNIE) 作者：Hartle 出版社：Pearson 出版日期：2014/00/00 ISBN：9781292039145 內容簡介 ●Examples come first, derivations later. In this "physics first" approach, relevant simple solutions of the Einstein equation are presented first, before introducing the field equations of general relativity and their supporting mathematics. This brings the student to the heart of the physical phenomena as quickly as possible. ●The emphasis is on the exciting phenomena of gravitational physics and the growing connection between theory and observation. Global positioning system, black holes, X-ray sources, pulsars, quasars, gravitational waves, the big bang, and the large scale structure of the universe, for example, are used to illustrate the widespread role of how general relativity describes a wealth of everyday and exotic phenomena. ●Novel and simple examples are presented to keep the presentation concise and accessible: for instance, Schwarzschild black hole, spherical stars, weak gravitational waves in flat spacetime. ●Mathematics, beyond the typical advanced calculus knowledge, is kept to a minimum. Only absolutely essential new mathematical concepts are introduced, and these only when needed. ●The text's layered structure allows the text to be used for a range of courses depending on the length and level of the course—from junior level to introductory graduate level in physics and astronomy. After just the first few chapters, a student will take away a broad introduction to some of the basic phenomena of gravitational physics, and not just mathematical tools. ●Illustrative boxes are interspersed throughout, providing students with applications, experiments, ideas, examples, and interesting sidelights that extend and complement concepts presented in the basic text without interrupting its flow. 目錄 I. SPACE AND TIME IN NEWTONIAN PHYSICS AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY. 1. Gravitational Physics. 2. Geometry as Physics. 3. Space, Time, and Gravity in Newtonian Physics. 4. Principles of Special Relativity. 5. Special Relativistic Mechanics. II. THE CURVED SPACETIMES OF GENERAL RELATIVITY. 6. Gravity as Geometry. 7. The Description of Curved Spacetime. 8. Geodesics. 9. The Geometry Outside a Spherical Star. 10. Solar System Tests of General Relativity. 11. Relativistic Gravity in Action. 12. Gravitational Collapse and Black Holes. 13. Astrophysical Black Holes. 14. A Little Rotation. 15. Rotating Black Holes. 16. Gravitational Waves. 17. The Universe Observed. 18. Cosmological Models. 19. Which Universe and Why? III. THE EINSTEIN EQUATION. 20. A Little More Math. 21. Curvature and the Einstein Equation. 22. The Source of Curvature. 23. Gravitational Wave Emission. 24. Relativistic Stars.