Solutions and X-ray Non-3D Phase Structure Analysis of Soft Matter

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Physics and Chemistry of Molecular Assemblies Most researchers would relate X-ray structure analysis to crystal structure analysis. A crystal is a state in which atoms or molecules are regularly arranged in three-dimensional space. However, some substances do not have 3D structures, but have 1D, 2D, 1D⊕1D, 2D⊕1D or 1D⊕1D⊕1D structures. Here the symbol ⊕ stands for direct sum in linear algebra and is different from ordinary sum +. For example, 2D⊕1D means the direct sum of a 2D subspace and an orthogonal 1D subspace, not 3D. In a previous book, Physics and Chemistry of Molecular Assemblies, published in April 2020, the author showed for the first time that molecular assemblies can be represented in a unified manner from such subspaces of linear algebra, and wrote the theory and method of X-ray structure analysis of the liquid crystal phase structures with the dimensional structure of 1D, 2D, 1D⊕1D, 2D⊕1D, and 1D⊕1D⊕1D. Furthermore, the X-ray liquid crystal structure analysis methods of 11 representative examples were concretely described. In addition, 110 X-ray data were posted as the end-of-chapter problems in Chapter 3. Using the methods developed by the author, these 110 problems can be solved in principle with a calculator, graph paper, a ruler, and a compass, although it takes time. However, when you use only a calculator, a graph paper, a ruler or a compass, it would probably take more than one year to analyze all the observed X-ray data in Chapter 3. Therefore, the author\'s research group has developed a computer program named "Bunseki-kun." By using this program, we can easily analyze the liquid crystal phase structures from the observed d spacings. Thus, when you use this program, you will be able to analyze the liquid crystal phase and other soft matter phase structures within 1/100th to 1/1000th of the time. Those who purchase this book will be able to freely download this program from the following URL set by the publisher. Request Inspection Copy Sample Chapter(s) Sample of Solutions and X-ray Non-3D Phase Structure Analysis of Soft Matter Contents: Solutions to End-of-Chapter Problems in "Physics and Chemistry of Molecular Assemblies" How to Use the X-ray Non-3D Phase Structure Analysis Program, "Bunseki-kun Ver.3": Outline of "Bunseki-kun" and Common Procedure for Data Saving and Correction Structure Analysis of Columnar Liquid Crystal Phases: How to Analyse @M1_Colho How to Analyse @M4_Colrd(C2/m) How to Analyse @M5_Colrd(P21/a) How to Analyse @M6_Colrd(P2/a) How to Analyse @M7_Colrd(P2m) Structure Analysis of Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases: How to Analyse @M9_SA How to Analyse @M10_SE How to Analyse @M11_ST Structure Analysis of Quite Special Liquid Crystal Phases: How to Analyse @(113)Yelamaggad Add.3_Colob.o How to Analyse @(77)_Pseudo Hexagonal Phase Readership: Graduate students and researchers in physical chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry and nanochemistry.

Quantum Phases of Matter

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This modern text describes the remarkable developments in quantum condensed matter physics following the experimental discoveries of quantum Hall effects and high temperature superconductivity in the 1980s. After a review of the phases of matter amenable to an independent particle description, entangled phases of matter are described in an accessible and unified manner. The concepts of fractionalization and emergent gauge fields are introduced using the simplest resonating valence bond insulator with an energy gap, the Z2 spin liquid. Concepts in band topology and the parton method are then combined to obtain a large variety of experimentally relevant gapped states. Correlated metallic states are described, beginning with a discussion of the Kondo effect on magnetic impurities in metals. Metals without quasiparticle excitations are introduced using the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, followed by a discussion of critical Fermi surfaces and strange metals. Numerous end-of-chapter problems expand readers' comprehension and reinforce key concepts.