Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT - Advanced

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【簡介】 Presents the model and methodology, applied by ITU-R WRC’07, to calculate the spectrum requirement Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced is a self-contained “handbook” of the models and methodologies used for the spectrum requirement calculation for IMT-Advanced systems, as well as for the predecessor IMT-2000 systems. The reader will learn how the spectrum requirement is calculated for real systems that prevail worldwide. The book also provides the basis on which to develop advanced methodologies for yet future systems, as the spectrum regulation will continue in the future. Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced Provides the reader with information on how the spectrum requirement is calculated for real systems that prevail worldwide Contains useful tables and examples such as flowchart of the methodology Introduces definitions of service category and radio environment, the process of distributing traffic to radio environments, and the method to calculate the required spectrum Applies queueing and loss models for the calculation of required system capacity Covers utilization of radio frequencies, market data, spectrum requirement calculation methods for IMT-2000 and for IMT-Advanced systems Instructs how to use the calculation tool package Comes with an accompanying website with the downloadable tool applied by ITU-R WRC’07 for making decisions on spectrum regulation for mobile systems This book serves as an invaluable guide to engineers in mobile phone companies, system design engineers, operator system engineers and other specialists dealing with mobile system planning and development. It is also of great interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of applied probability theory, operations research, telecommunications, and mobile networks engineering. 【目錄】 About the Series Editors. Preface. 1 Introduction (Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi Yoshino). 1.1 Trends inMobileCommunication. 1.1.1 Mobileapplicationsandservices. 1.1.2 Radio interface technologies. 1.1.3 Standardization. 1.2 Trends inSpectrumUsage. 1.2.1 Physicalpropertiesof radiospectra. 1.2.2 Spectrumallocationandidentification. 1.3 SpectrumAllocation:Why and How. 2 Utilization of Radio Frequencies (Hitoshi Yoshino, Naoto Matoba, Pekka Ojanen and Bernhard H. Walke). 2.1 SpectrumUsageOverview. 2.2 Spectrum Management by ITU. 2.3 Radio Communication Services. 2.4 Radio Communication Systems. 3 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-2000 (Hideaki Takagi). 3.1 Model. 3.2 Input Parameters. 3.3 Methodology. 3.4 Sequel to the Story. 4 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-Advanced (Marja Matinmikko, J¨org Huschke, Tim Irnich, Naoto Matoba, Jussi Ojala, Pekka Ojanen, Hideaki Takagi, Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi Yoshino). 4.1 Overview. 4.2 Models and Input Parameters. 4.3 Methodology. 4.4 Summary of Methodology for IMT-Advanced. 5 Calculation Tool Package (Marja Matinmikko, Jörg Huschke and Jussi Ojala). 5.1 Description and Use of Software Tool. 5.2 Front Sheet of Software Tool. 5.3 Inputs to Software Tool. 5.4 IntermediateCalculationSteps. 5.5 Outputs from Software Tool. 6 Market Data (Marja Matinmikko and Mitsuhiro Azuma). 6.1 Collection of Market Data. 6.2 Use of Market Parameters in the Methodology. 6.3 AnalysisofCollectedMarketData. 6.4 Example Input Market Parameter Value Set. 7 Radio-Related Input Parameters (Marja Matinmikko, Pekka Ojanen and Jussi Ojala). 7.1 RAT Group Approach. 7.2 Use of Radio Parameters in the Methodology. 7.3 Example Input Radio Parameter Value Set. 8 Numerical Examples (Tim Irnich, Marja Matinmikko, Jussi Ojala and Bernhard H. Walke). 8.1 Packet Size Statistics and QoS Requirements. 8.2 Traffic Demand Derived from Market Data. 8.3 TrafficDistribution Ratios . 8.4 Offered Traffic per RAT Group and Radio Environment. 8.5 Required System Capacity. 8.6 Required Spectrum. 9 Capacity Dimensioning to Meet Delay Percentile Requirements (Tim Irnich and Bernhard H. Walke). 9.1 Delay Percentile Evaluation. 9.2 ServiceTimeDistributionin IP-BasedCommunicationSystems. 9.3 Waiting Time Distribution in M/G/1 Queues. 9.4 Delay DF Approximation. 9.5 Accuracy of Gamma and H2 Approximations. 9.6 Impact of Percentile Requirements on System Capacity. 9.7 Conclusion. 10 Epilog: Result ofWRC-07 (Hitoshi Yoshino). Appendices. Appendix A Derivation of Formulas by Queueing Theory (Hideaki Takagi). A.1 Erlang-B Formula for a Loss System. A.2 Erlang-C Formula for a Delay System. A.3 Multidimensional Erlang-B Formula. A.3.1 Two classes of calls with single server occupation. A.3.2 Several classes of calls with multiple server occupation. A.4 M/G/1 Nonpreemptive Priority Queue. Appendix B Example Market Study Parameter Values. Appendix C List of Acronyms and Symbols. C.1 Acronyms. C.2 Symbols. Appendix D ITU-R Documents and Web Sites. D.1 ITU-R Recommendations. D.2 ITU-R Reports. D.3 Other ITU-RDocuments. D.4 WebSites. Bibliography. Index.

ADVANCES IN QUANTUM COMPUTER MUSIC (1版)

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The modern music industry depends critically on computers. The development of conventional digital computing technology for music has been progressing in tandem with the evolution of computers since the 1950s. Therefore, future developments in quantum computing are most likely to impact the way in which musicians will create, perform, and conduct research. Classical computers manipulate information represented in terms of binary digits, each of, which can be equal to 1 (on) or 0 (off). They work with microprocessors made up of billions of tiny switches that are activated by electric signals. In contrast, a quantum computer deals with information in terms of quantum bits (qubits), which can operate at the subatomic level. In other words, they directly work in the realm of quantum physics. Since they can run algorithms that are non-tractable to run on digital computers, quantum computers are surfacing as a promising disruptive technology. Advances in Quantum Computer Music collates a comprehensive collection of chapters by pioneers of emerging interdisciplinary research at the crossroads of quantum computing and music. Together, these pioneers hope to anticipate and prototype the unprecedented new uses for this technology that are bound to emerge from their cutting-edge research. Sample Chapter(s) Foreword Chapter 1: Sonifications of Quantum Superpositions: Methods and Musical Applications Contents: Sonifications of Quantum Superpositions: Methods and Musical Applications (Walker Smith, Dmitri Volkov and Alex Alani) Quantum Feedback Delay Networks (Davide Rocchesso) Exploring Quantum Phenomena through Sound: Strategies, Challenges, and Insights (Reiko Yamada, Eloy Piñol, Samuele Grandi, Jakub Zakrzewski and Maciej Lewenstein) Quantum Memory: Measuring the Degree of Non-Markovianity of Orchestral Music (Maria Mannone and Omar Costa Hamido) An Introduction to Quantum Probability Amplitude Modulation (QPAM) from a Compositional Perspective (Eren Utku) Investigating the usefulness of Quantum Blur in Music (Marcel Pfaffhauser and James Wootton) Qubit Instrumentation of Entanglement (Mark Carney) Developing a Framework for Sonifying Variational Quantum Algorithms: Implications for Music Composition (Paulo Vitor Itaboraí, Peter Thomas, Arianna Crippa, Karl Jansen, Tim Schwägerl and María Aguado Yáñez) Music AI with Quantum Reservoir Computing (Eduardo Reck Miranda and Hari Vignesh Shaji) Readership: Academic community and researchers in the field of Unconventional Computing, specifically Quantum Computing, musicians interested and/or working with Music Technology, and students and science journalists interested in arts-science topics.

ADVANCES IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES: SELECTED TOPICS BEYOND CONVENTIONAL CMOS (1版)

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DESCRIPTION Advances in Semiconductor Technologies Discover the broad sweep of semiconductor technologies in this uniquely curated resource Semiconductor technologies and innovations have been the backbone of numerous different fields: electronics, online commerce, the information and communication industry, and the defense industry. For over fifty years, silicon technology and CMOS scaling have been the central focus and primary driver of innovation in the semiconductor industry. Traditional CMOS scaling has approached some fundamental limits, and as a result, the pace of scientific research and discovery for novel semiconductor technologies is increasing with a focus on novel materials, devices, designs, architectures, and computer paradigms. In particular, new computing paradigms and systems—such as quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things—have the potential to unlock unprecedented power and application space. Advances in Semiconductor Technologies provides a comprehensive overview of selected semiconductor technologies and the most up-to-date research topics, looking in particular at mainstream developments in current industry research and development, from emerging materials and devices, to new computing paradigms and applications. This full-coverage volume gives the reader valuable insights into state-of-the-art advances currently being fabricated, a wide range of novel applications currently under investigation, and a glance into the future with emerging technologies in development. Advances in Semiconductor Technologies readers will also find: A comprehensive approach that ensures a thorough understanding of state-of-the-art technologies currently being fabricated Treatments on all aspects of semiconductor technologies, including materials, devices, manufacturing, modeling, design, architecture, and applications Articles written by an impressive team of international academics and industry insiders that provide unique insights into a wide range of topics Advances in Semiconductor Technologies is a useful, time-saving reference for electrical engineers working in industry and research, who are looking to stay abreast of rapidly advancing developments in semiconductor electronics, as well as academics in the field and government policy advisors.