The seventh edition of this classic second language acquisition (SLA) text provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of language teaching. This new edition has been updated to capture current research and practice in the field. Among concepts that are either redefined or entirely new are: Language learning in an era of globalization and multilingualism The significance of transnationalism, identity, investment, agency, and ideology Language learning as situated, usage-based, and socioculturally contextualized The importance of emotional engagement, intercultural sensitivity, and self-efficacy in language learning Transdisciplinary and ecological approaches as keys to language teaching in the 21st century The seventh edition also retains useful historical information and foundational cornerstones of SLA that teachers have found beneficial in their instruction. Key principles continue to be presented and explained with direct application to classroom language education and real-life contexts. Features such as "Points to Ponder" (questions for readers’ personal reflection), classroom connections and "Tips for Teaching," suggested readings, and a glossary of terminology are updated in this edition. With its reader-friendly style, practical pedagogical tools, and comprehensive coverage of state-of-the-art research findings, this edition serves as an essential resource for language teacher education programs worldwide, catering to the needs of both novice and experienced language teachers. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Language, Learning, and Teaching Chapter 2: Overview of SLA Research Chapter 3: Age and Language Development Chapter 4: Neurobiology of Language Learning Chapter 5: Motivation, Identity, and Agency Chapter 6. Aptitude and Cognitive Differences Chapter 7: Learner Language and Crosslinguistic Influences Chapter 8: Cognitive and Processing Approaches Chapter 9: Sociocultural Theory and Additional Language Learning Chapter 10: Ecological and Transdisciplinary Approaches to Language Learning and Teaching