Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography, Volume 1

The ultimate reference guide to the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals The Radiochemical Syntheses series provides scientists and professionals with a comprehensive reference to proven synthetic methods for radiochemical reactions, along with step-by-step guidance on how to replicate these syntheses in the laboratory. Volume 1 in the series focuses on the synthesis and purification of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical use today. It brings together in one complete, self-contained volume a collection of monographs containing a wealth of practical information from across the literature, demonstrating in meticulous detail how to prepare radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, especially in tumor studies, cardiology, and neuroscience. Readers have key experimental details culled from the literature at their fingertips, greatly simplifying the process of qualifying a site for the clinical production of new radiopharmaceuticals.

Contributors ix Foreword xvii Preface xix Abbreviations xxi Part I Fluorine-18 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals 1 1. Synthesis of [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) 3 Michelle L. Richards and Peter J. H. Scott 2. Synthesis of Sodium [18F]Fluoride (Na[18F]F) 15 Brian G. Hockley and Peter J. H. Scott 3. Radiosynthesis of 3_-Deoxy-3_-[18F]Fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) 21 Hartmuth C. Kolb, Henry C. Padgett, Steve Zigler, Jim Patanella, Fanrong Mu, Umesh B. Gangadharmath, Vani P. Mocharla, Peter J. H. Scott, and Joseph C. Walsh 4. Synthesis of [18F]Fluoroazomycin Arabinoside ([18F]FAZA) 31 Brian G. Hockley and Peter J. H. Scott 5. Synthesis of [18F]Fluoromisonidazole (1-(2-Hydroxy-3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-2-Nitroimidazole, [18F]FMISO) 41 Patrick J. Riss, Valentina Ferrari, Robert Bielik, Roberto Canales-Candela, Rob Smith, and Franklin I. Aigbirhio 6. Synthesis of [18F]FPPRGD2 51 Shuanglong Liu, Frederick T. Chin, Zhen Cheng, and Xiaoyuan Chen 7. Synthesis of [18F]Fluorocholine ([18F]FCH) 61 David Kryza 8. Clinical Manufacturing of [18F]-16-α-Fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES) 69 Piyush Kumar and John R. Mercer 9. Synthesis of N-Succinimidyl 4-[18F]Fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) 81 Xia Shao 10. Synthesis of 4-(2_-Methoxyphenyl)-1-[2_-(N-2__Pyridinyl)-p-[18F]Fluorobenzamido]Ethylpiperazine [18F]MPPF 87 Marion Alvarez and Didier Le Bars 11. Synthesis of [18F]-Fallypride 95 Laurent Brichard, Valentina Ferrari, Rob Smith, and Franklin I. Aigbirhio 12. Synthesis of [18F]Fluoroethyltyrosine (18F-FET) 103 Yi Zhao, Amar Alfteimi, and Maaz Zuhayra 13. Synthesis of [18F]Flumazenil ([18F]FZ) 111 Ralf Schirrmacher, Alexey Kostikov, Gassan Massaweh, Miriam Kovacevic, Carmen Wängler, and Alexander Thiel 14. Synthesis of 6-[18F]Fluorodopamine (6-[18F]FDA) 125 Michael A. Channing, John L. Musachio, and Jozef J. Kusmierz 15. Synthesis of 2-([18F]Fluoro)-3-[(2S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]Pyridine ([18F]2FA) 139 Hayden T. Ravert, Daniel P. Holt, and Robert F. Dannals 16. Synthesis of [18F]-Substance-P Antagonist-Receptor Quantifier ([18F]SPA-RQ) 155 Sofie Celen, Kim Serdons, Tjibbe de Groot, Terence G. Hamill, and Guy Bormans Part II Carbon-11 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals 167 17. Synthesis of [11C]Choline Chloride ([11C]CHL) 169 Brian G. Hockley, Bradford Henderson, and Xia Shao 18. Synthesis of 2-(4-N-[11C]Methylaminophenyl)-6-Hydroxybenzothiazole ([11C]6-OH-BTA-1; [11C]PIB) 177 Cécile Philippe, Markus Mitterhauser, and Wolfgang Wadsak 19. Synthesis of [11C]-meta-Hydroxyephedrine ([11C]MHED) 191 Filippo Lodi, Assunta Carpinelli, Claudio Malizia, and Stefano Boschi 20. Synthesis of l-[methyl-11C]Methionine ([11C]MET) 199 Amy L. Vāvere and Scott E. Snyder 21. Synthesis of (+)-α-[11C]Dihydrotetrabenazine ([11C]DTBZ) 213 Michael R. Kilbourn 22. Synthesis of [11C]Flumazenil([11C]FMZ) 221 Roberto Canales-Candela, Patrick J. Riss, and Franklin I. Aigbirhio 23. Synthesis of [11C]Hexadecanoic Acid ([11C]Palmitic Acid) 233 Adam C. Runkle, Xia Shao, and Peter J. H. Scott 24. Synthesis of O-methyl-11C]Metomidate ([11C]-MTO) 245 István Boros and Franklin I. Aigbirhio 25. Synthesis of [11C]Carfentanil ([11C]CFN) 257 Louis Tluczek and Xia Shao 26. Synthesis of [carbonyl-11C]Way-100635 265 Jan D. Andersson, Sangram Nag, Raisa N. Krasikova, Victor W. Pike, and Christer Halldin 27. Synthesis of [11C]Raclopride 275 Xia Shao 28. Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-[2-(N-Methyl-N-[11C]Methyl-Amino-Methyl)Phenylsulfanyl]-Benzonitrile ([11C]Dasb) 285 Daniela Haeusler, Markus Mitterhauser, and Wolfgang Wadsak 29. Synthesis of [11C] Acetate 297 Filippo Lodi, Claudio Malizia, and Stefano Boschi 30. Synthesis of N-(2-[11C]Methoxybenzyl)-N-(4-Phenoxypyridin-3-yl)Acetamide ([11C]PBR28) 305 Qi-Huang Zheng, Min Wang, and Bruce H. Mock Part III Other Radiopharmaceuticals 313 31. Synthesis of [13N]Ammonia ([13N]NH3) 315 Peter J. H. Scott 32. Synthesis of [68GA]Gallium Dota-(TYR3)-Octreotide Acetate ([68GA]-Dotatoc) 321 Harald Eidherr, Friedrich Girschele, Markus Mitterhauser, and Wolfgang Wadsak Appendix 1 Supplier Information 335 Index 339