Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging

The cutting-edge guide on advancing the science of molecular imaging using nanoparticles Nanoplathform-Based Molecular Imaging provides rationale for using nanoparticle-based probes for molecular imaging, then discusses general strategies for this underutilized, yet promising, technology. It addresses general strategies of particle synthesis and surface chemistry, applications in computed tomography optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, multimodality imaging, theranostics, and finally, the clinical perspectives of nanoimaging. This comprehensive volume summarizes the opinions of those in the forefront of research and describes the latest developments by emphasizing fundamentals and initiating hands-on application.

Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Contributors xiii PART I BASICS OF MOLECULAR IMAGING AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 1. Basic Principles of Molecular Imaging 3 Sven H. Hausner 2. Synthesis of Nanomaterials as a Platform for Molecular Imaging 25 Jinhao Gao, Jin Xie, Bing Xu, and Xiaoyuan Chen 3. Nanoparticle Surface Modification and Bioconjugation 47 Jin Xie, Jinhao Gao, Mark Michalski, and Xiaoyuan Chen 4. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of Nanoprobes 75 Nagesh Kolishetti, Frank Alexis, Eric M. Pridgen, and Omid C. Farokhzad PART II NANOPARTICLES FOR SINGLE MODALITY MOLECULAR IMAGING 5. Computed Tomography as a Tool for Anatomical and Molecular Imaging 107 Pingyu Liu, Hu Zhou, and Lei Xing 6. Carbon Nanotube X-Ray for Dynamic Micro-CT Imaging of Small Animal Models 139 Otto Zhou, Guohua Cao, Yueh Z. Lee, and Jianping Lu 7. Quantum Dots for In Vivo Molecular Imaging 159 Yun Xing 8. Biopolymer, Dendrimer, and Liposome Nanoplatforms for Optical Molecular Imaging 183 David Pham, Ling Zhang, Bo Chen, and Ella Fung Jones 9. Nanoplatforms for Raman Molecular Imaging in Biological Systems 197 Zhuang Liu 10. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Near-Infrared Fluorescent Sensors for Biological Systems 217 Jingqing Zhang and Michael S. Strano 11. Microparticle- and Nanoparticle-Based Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging 233 Nirupama Deshpande and J¨urgen K. Willmann 12. Ultrasound-Based Molecular Imaging Using Nanoagents 263 Srivalleesha Mallidi, Mohammad Mehrmohammadi, Kimberly Homan, Bo Wang, Min Qu, Timothy Larson, Konstantin Sokolov, and Stanislav Emelianov 13. MRI Contrast Agents Based on Inorganic Nanoparticles 279 Hyon Bin Na and Taeghwan Hyeon 14. Cellular Magnetic Labeling with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 309 Sebastien Boutry, Sophie Laurent, Luce Vander Elst, and Robert N. Muller 15. Nanoparticles Containing Rare Earth Ions: A Tunable Tool for MRI 333 C. Rivi`ere, S. Roux, R. Bazzi, J.-L. Bridot, C. Billotey, P. Perriat, and O. Tillement 16. Microfabricated Multispectral MRI Contrast Agents 375 Gary Zabow and Alan Koretsky 17. Radiolabeled Nanoplatforms: Imaging Hot Bullets Hitting Their Target 399 Raffaella Rossin PART III NANOPARTICLE PLATFORMS AS MULTIMODALITY IMAGING AND THERAPY AGENTS 18. Lipoprotein-Based Nanoplatforms for Cancer Molecular Imaging 433 Ian R. Corbin, Kenneth Ng, and Gang Zheng 19. Protein Cages as Multimode Imaging Agents 463 Masaki Uchida, Lars Liepold, Mark Young, and Trevor Douglas 20. Biomedical Applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 481 Weibo Cai, Ting Gao, and Hao Hong 21. Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Multimodal Molecular Imaging 529 Yanglong Hou and Rui Hao 22. Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cancer Theragnosis 541 Seulki Lee, Ick Chan Kwon, and Kwangmeyung Kim 23. Nanoparticles for Combined Cancer Imaging and Therapy 565 Vaishali Bagalkot, Mi Kyung Yu, and Sangyong Jon 24. Multimodal Imaging and Therapy with Magnetofluorescent Nanoparticles 593 Jason R. McCarthy and Ralph Weissleder 25. Gold Nanocages: A Multifunctional Platform for Molecular Optical Imaging and Photothermal Treatment 615 Leslie Au, Claire M. Cobley, Jingyi Chen, and Younan Xia 26. Theranostic Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer 639 Parmeswaran Diagaradjane, Pranshu Mohindra, and Sunil Krishnan 27. Gold Nanorods as Theranostic Agents 659 Alexander Wei, Qingshan Wei, and Alexei P. Leonov 28. Theranostic Applications of Gold Core–Shell Structured Nanoparticles 683 Wei Lu, Marites P. Melancon, and Chun Li 29. Magnetic Nanoparticle Carrier for Targeted Drug Delivery: Perspective, Outlook, and Design 709 R. D. K. Misra 30. Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles: A Multidimensional Platform for Targeted Image-Guided Drug Delivery 725 Gregory M. Lanza, Shelton D. Caruthers, Anne H. Schmieder, Patrick M. Winter, Tillmann Cyrus, and Samuel A. Wickline 31. Radioimmunonanoparticles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy 755 Arutselvan Natarajan PART IV TRANSLATIONAL NANOMEDICINE 32. Current Status and Future Prospects for Nanoparticle-Based Technology in Human Medicine 783 Nuria Sanvicens, Fatima Fernandez, J.-Pablo Salvador, and M.-Pilar Marco Index 815