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The seventh edition of this classic second language acquisition (SLA) text provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of language teaching. This new edition has been updated to capture current research and practice in the field. Among concepts that are either redefined or entirely new are: Language learning in an era of globalization and multilingualism The significance of transnationalism, identity, investment, agency, and ideology Language learning as situated, usage-based, and socioculturally contextualized The importance of emotional engagement, intercultural sensitivity, and self-efficacy in language learning Transdisciplinary and ecological approaches as keys to language teaching in the 21st century The seventh edition also retains useful historical information and foundational cornerstones of SLA that teachers have found beneficial in their instruction. Key principles continue to be presented and explained with direct application to classroom language education and real-life contexts. Features such as "Points to Ponder" (questions for readers’ personal reflection), classroom connections and "Tips for Teaching," suggested readings, and a glossary of terminology are updated in this edition. With its reader-friendly style, practical pedagogical tools, and comprehensive coverage of state-of-the-art research findings, this edition serves as an essential resource for language teacher education programs worldwide, catering to the needs of both novice and experienced language teachers. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Language, Learning, and Teaching Chapter 2: Overview of SLA Research Chapter 3: Age and Language Development Chapter 4: Neurobiology of Language Learning Chapter 5: Motivation, Identity, and Agency Chapter 6. Aptitude and Cognitive Differences Chapter 7: Learner Language and Crosslinguistic Influences Chapter 8: Cognitive and Processing Approaches Chapter 9: Sociocultural Theory and Additional Language Learning Chapter 10: Ecological and Transdisciplinary Approaches to Language Learning and Teaching
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【簡介】 This second edition of the popular textbook is intended for all undergraduate students in physics, with some background in thermodynamics. The basic intention of the author is maintained: to present a book for those studying statistical mechanics for the first time. The unique presentation starts off with the principles, elucidating the well-developed theory, and only thereafter the application of theory. Calculations on the main steps are detailed, leaving behind minimal gaps. The author emphasizes with theory the link between the macroscopic world (thermodynamics) and the microscopic world.The book begins with a study of three situations -- the closed system and the systems in thermal contact with a reservoir -- in order to formulate the important fundamentals: entropy from Boltzmann formula, partition function and grand partition function. Through the presentation of quantum statistics, Bose statistics and Fermi-Dirac statistics are established, including as a special case the classical situation of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. A series of examples follow: the harmonic oscillator, the polymer chain, the two-level system, bosons (photons, phonons, and the Bose-Einstein condensation) and fermions (electrons in metals and in semiconductors). The treatment of bosons and fermions is expanded with a detailed comparison of their thermal behaviors. A study on neutron stars, a pure fermion system, is now included. The concepts of distribution and fluctuations are also briefly discussed, and an important neglected problem is explained: the equivalence between the sum of a series and the value of the associated integral, teaching further insights on Bose-Einstein condensation. A compact historical note on influential scientists forms the concluding chapter.This book will serve as a vital resource for undergraduates taking their first foray into statistical mechanics, setting a strong foundation for more advanced topics in their studies.
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Part One: Light: The Medium 1. The Nature of Light 2. Light and Perception 3. Color and Its Effect Part Two: The Tools 4. Electricity 5. Lamps and Other Light Sources 6. Luminaires 7. Lighting Control 8. Projections and Lighting Part Three: Light: Design Fundamentals 9. Essentials of Lighting Design 10. Basics of General Illumination 11. Plotting the Design 12. Moving Into the Venue and the Rehearsal Process 13. Variations on Essential Theatrical Design Part Four: Light: Design Applications 14. The Practitioners 15. Traditional Areas of Theatrical Lighting Design 16. Non-Traditional Lighting Design Applications
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【簡介】 The Official SAT Study Guide, Second Edition provides a comprehensive resource for preparing for the SAT. It includes seven official practice tests - all created by the test maker. As part of College Board’s commitment to access, practice tests are also available in the digital testing platform, Bluebook, at no charge. However, the guide is the only place to find practice tests in print accompanied by over 300 pages of additional instruction, guidance, and test information. The Official SAT Study Guide, Second Edition will help students get ready for the SAT with: 1. Seven official SAT practice tests, created from the same process used for the actual test.2. Detailed descriptions of the Reading and Writing and Math sections.3. Targeted sample questions for each question type.4. Question drills by topic.5. Test-taking approaches and suggestions.6. Detailed explanations of right and wrong answers.7. Information on preparing for PSAT/NMSQT or PSAT 10.To fully prepare for the SAT, we recommend that you also visit sat.org/practice, download Bluebook, and try out the tools in the test preview.
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【簡介】 The first edition of this book was the first manual for laboratory work in the rapidly expanding field of synthetic biology. Based upon a highly successful university course by one of the pioneers in synthetic biology, the manual became particularly popular with students of the enormous annual international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition. Questions at the time included the scalability of BioBrick cloning, how to stabilize chromoprotein expression and change the colors, and how to adapt methods for high schools and biohackers. A decade later, this second edition answers these questions with huge BioBrick constructs (front cover), next-generation less-toxic chromoproteins in a kit, and ultraviolet-light-free quantitation by smartphones. Further updates include a computational modeling lab and new avenues in SynBio.
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數學與統計學
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