語言學概論 (4版)

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語言學概論(四版) 叢書：英文 ISBN13：9789571473826 替代書名：An Introduction to Linguistics 出版社：三民書局 作者：謝國平-著 裝訂／頁數：平裝／464頁 規格：23.2cm*17.2cm*2.2cm (高/寬/厚) 版次：四 出版日：2022/06/01 中國圖書分類：語言學總論 內容簡介 本書是為一般大專程度學生而寫的語言學入門書。 全書分為三部分： 第一部分介紹語言的特點、起源、動物的傳訊能力、語言學的研究方法與特徵及範圍。 第二部分介紹語言各層次的結構及研究這些結構的學科，其中包括語音學、音韻學、構詞學、句法學、語意學、語用學、歷史比較語言學等。 第三部分介紹主要的應用語言學，包括社會語言學、心理語言學、語言規劃及語言障礙等。 本書以專業文獻為基礎，文字淺易，對語言學系和一般學科的學生而言，極具實用價值。   目錄 再版說明 增訂新版序 原序   第一章 緒論：人類的語言 1-1 語言：人類有別於其他生物的主要特點 1-2 語言的特徵 1-3 語言的定義 1-4 語言能力與說話行為 1-5 語法 1-6 口語與文字 1-7 有關語言的兩點觀點 1-8 為什麼要研究語言？ 複習問題   第二章 語言的起源 2-1 語言是神所賜的？ 2-2 語言是人類發展的結果？ 2-2-1 模仿聲音理論 2-2-2 情緒呼叫理論 2-2-3 合作勞動理論 2-2-4 手勢理論 複習問題   第三章 動物的傳訊能力 3-1 蜜蜂的傳訊系統 3-1-1 圓形舞動 3-1-2 搖尾舞動 3-2 鳥類的傳訊系統 3-3 靈長類的傳訊系統 3-4 會說話的猩猩? 3-5 語言與動物傳訊系統的比較 複習問題   第四章 語言學是什麼？ 4-1 一般的定義 4-2 語言學研究方法與特徵 4-3 語言學的範圍 複習問題   第五章 語音學 5-1 引言 5-2 語言的連鎖歷程 5-3 語音學的分類 5-4 聲學語音學：語音的物理基礎 5-4-1 研究聲學語音學的理由 5-4-2 聲波與語音 5-4-3 音調與音強 5-4-4 語音的音質 5-5 發音語音學 5-5-1 發音的生理基礎 5-5-2 母音 5-5-3 子音 5-5-4 超音段 5-6 聽覺語音學 5-6-1 微小詮釋者：大腦詮釋語訊的模式 5-6-2 影響語音感知的物理及生理因素 5-7 結語 複習問題   第六章 音韻學 6-1 音位：具有辨義功能的聲音 6-2 記錄語音方法的層次 6-3 辨音成分：語音描述的基本單位 6-3-1 為什麼要使用辨音成分呢？ 6-3-2 通用辨音成分 6-4 可預測的辨音成分 6-5 語音組合法 6-6 音韻規律 6-6-1 同化律 6-6-2 辨音成分增加律 6-6-3 省略音段律 6-6-4 音段增加律 6-6-5 音段移位律 6-7 音韻規律的功能 6-8 音韻規律的形式化 6-9 基底形式 6-10 音節 6-10-1 音節是什麼？ 6-10-2 音節之重要性 6-10-3 音節結構 6-11 多層次音韻學 6-12 詞彙音韻學 複習問題   第七章 構詞學 7-1 詞與單字 7-2 詞類與詞群 7-3 構詞學與詞位的種類 7-4 詞的結構 7-5 構詞的方式 7-6 詞彙結構方式與語言分類 7-7 詞庫與音韻：詞彙音韻學 複習問題   第八章 句法學 8-1 句法的問題 8-2 句子的結構 8-3 句法的能力與句子結構 8-4 句法規律 8-5 變形語法 8-5-1 詞組律 8-5-1 變形律 8-5-1 句法成分、語意成分與共存限制 8-6 變形的種類 8-6-1 刪略 8-6-2 加插變形 8-6-3 代換變形 8-6-4 移位變形 8-7 變形句法學理論的分化 8-8 變形語法學的發展 8-8-1 語法理論充分性的三個層次 8-8-2 主導變形語法發展的一些因素 8-8-3 GB理論 複習問題   第九章 語意學 9-1 語意學是什麼？ 9-2 語意成分 9-3 語意的共同特性 9-3-1 同義 9-3-2 多義 9-3-3 前設 9-3-4 意義與指涉 9-3-5 變形語法中的語意部門 複習問題   第十章 語用學 10-1 語用學是什麼？ 10-2 語言行為 10-3 語言行為的種類 10-4 語言行為的方式 10-5 其他語用現象 10-6 語用的理論 10-7 非表意行為的種類 複習問題   第十一章 語言的變化 11-1 引言 11-2 語言變化的原因 11-2-1 系統方面 11-2-2 生理與發音方面 11-2-3 社會與心理方面 11-3 語言變化的種類 11-3-1 語音的變化 11-3-2 詞彙的變化 11-3-3 語法的變化 11-4 語言變化的規律性及其描述方式 11-5 歷史比較語言學 11-6 主要的語言族系 11-7 語言古生物學 複習問題   第十二章 社會語言學 12-1 引言 12-2 語言在地區上的差異：方言 12-3 語言與社會階層 12-4 語言與使用場合：不同的體裁 12-5 語言與性別 12-6 語言的接觸 12-7 語言與國家 12-8 社會語言學調查的方法 複習問題   第十三章 心理語言學 13-1 引言 13-2 語言的心理基礎及歷程 13-2-1 辨音成分的心理真實性 13-2-2 詞組結構的心理真實性 13-2-3 深層（基底）結構的心理真實性 13-2-4 變形律的心理真實性 13-2-5 語音的感知 13-2-6 語言的理解 13-2-7 語言訊息的記憶 13-2-8 句子的產生 13-2-9 語誤與句子的產生 13-3 兒童語言習得 13-3-1 語言先於語法 13-3-2 單字句的語意 13-3-3 語言與認知發展 13-3-4 語音的發展 13-3-5 語法的發展 13-3-6 語言習得的理論 13-4 第二語言習得 13-5 人類大腦與語言 13-6 語言的認知 13-6-1 語言、說話與思想 13-6-2 語言：思想的工具 13-6-3 語言：認知發展的工具 複習問題   第十四章 語言規劃 14-1 引言 14-2 語言問題 14-3 語言是國家資源之一 14-4 語言規劃 14-4-1 語言規劃的定義 14-4-2 語言規劃的歷史 14-4-3 語言規劃與開發中的國家 14-5 語言與教育 複習問題   第十五章 語言學與語言障礙 15-1 引言 15-2 語言學與語言障礙 15-2-1 語言學與語音／音韻障礙 15-2-2 語言學與其他語言障礙 複習問題   參考書目   索引

The Trillion-Dollar Stake of Carbon Neutrality (1版)

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【簡介】 The world has been witnessing an accelerating momentum toward carbon neutrality, with almost all major countries onboard. The stakes are extremely high with over US$100 trillion in investments needed to achieve net zero emissions. This book delves into this intricate multi-trillion-dollar landscape of opportunities and challenges. The detailed, project-level examination in this book will provide direct insights for interested parties to position themselves. Focusing on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), home to 86 million people and a $1.7 trillion economy, the narrative unfolds against the backdrop of China's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, as well as their respective positions next to the rest of the world in the race to carbon neutrality. For the GBA and Hong Kong, carbon neutrality corresponds to nearly a US$1 trillion stake in energy infrastructures. This book meticulously dissects the trillion-dollar stake from the bottom-up. 【目錄】

Towards Net-Zero Carbon Initiatives: A Life Cycle Assessment Perspective

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As industrialized nations look into emerging new technologies focusing on renewable or efficient energy use — along with the move towards Sustainable Development Goals — challenges related to achieving low carbon economy projects have gained much attention. This book explores various initiatives and potential methods to achieve net-zero carbon targets and issues. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) will play an important role as an effective and comprehensive method to analyze potential greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts of a technology or system. LCA is a holistic and system-wide scientific method that can be used to quantify impact metrics chosen to evaluate any emerging Net-Zero Carbon technologies of interest, and reveal environmental trade-offs or further research opportunities that are required for balancing CO2 emissions. LCA perspectives of Net-Zero Carbon Technologies can also be used to outline decision-making strategies for a nation's shift towards low carbon economic development. Sample Chapter(s) Preface Chapter 1: Trends of Emerging Zero-Carbon Technologies: The Role of the Life Cycle Assessment for Evaluating Carbon Dioxide Reduction Targets Contents: Trends of Emerging Zero-Carbon Technologies: The Role of the Life Cycle Assessment for Evaluating Carbon Dioxide Reduction Targets (Hsien Hui KHOO and Reginald B.H. TAN) From Carbon Dioxide to Renewable Fuels and Chemicals: The Important Role of Catalysis (Pin LIM, CHANG Jie, CHEN Luwei, POH Chee Kok, LIM San Hua and Hsien Hui KHOO) Life Cycle Costing and Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Hydrogen Supply Chains using Different Energy Carriers: A Case Study of Japan for 2030 () Connection of the Methanol Economy to Net-Zero Emissions Supported by LCA-Based Environmental Performance Information (Róbert MAGDA, Judit TÓTH and Sarolta IGAZ) Life Cycle Assessment of Different Solar to Hydrogen Routes and Hydrogen Carriers (Zhihua WANG, Jinxu ZHANG and Runfan ZHU) Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Waste: Life Cycle Assessment Perspective and Deployment Opportunities (Massimiliano MATERAZZI, Andrea PAULILLO and Paola LETTIERI) Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical Recycling: Recommendations for a Systemic Assessment of its Contribution to the Circular Carbon Economy and Zero Waste Transition (Roh Pin LEE, Florian KELLER and Raoul VOSS) Evaluation of Recycling Methods: Towards Decarbonization of Chemicals and Fuels via a Circular Economy Model (TAY Siok Wei, Warintorn THITSARTARN and Hsien Hui KHOO) Feasibility Review of Hydrogen Production Options: Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Assessment (Pancy ANG and Hsien Hui KHOO) Life Cycle Assessment Digitalization to Assess the Performance of Linear Infrastructure Projects (Koji NEGISHI) Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Feedstock: Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment Applications (Iskandar HALIM and Hsien Hui KHOO) Progress on Carbon Balancing in Life Cycle Assessment with a Focus on the Ecosystem Service Contribution (Benedetto RUGANI and Marco ALLOCCO) Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Sustainability Assessment (Dhanush MAJJI and Arnab DUTTA) Environmental and Economic Impacts of Food Waste Management — A Focus on Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment (Matthew FRANCHETTI, Alex SPIVAK, Shrijith Ashok KUMAR and Lakshika KURUPPUARACHCHI) The Net-Zero Carbon Dioxide Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage Techniques (Arezoo AZIMI, Li SHEN and Mijndert VAN DER SPEK) Power Plant Integrated with Carbon Capture and Utilization: Potential Carbon-based Fuels and Chemicals in Singapore (S C Lenny KOH, Hsien Hui KHOO and Moein SHAMOUSHAKI) Readership: Life Cycle Analysis Practitioners, Environmental Researchers/Scientists, and Professors.

ELECTRICITY: HUMANITY'S LOW-CARBON FUTURE

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Climate change is no longer deniable. Neither is the fact that greenhouse gas emissions due to human activities need to be mitigated. The question is how to rapidly transit to an increasingly low-carbon world while essentially sustaining the quality of life of the fortunate and providing better lives for the less fortunate. The challenge is to decarbonize both energy consumption and production with electricity at the core of energy systems. Perhaps Energia, a fictitious country whose 50 million inhabitants endorse climate change objectives and that embodies the energy mutations proposed by the authors, has the answers. Along with Energia, four families living in Africa, America, Asia and Europe who represent us, the consumer, set the stage for the book's discussions. On the user front, the presentation primarily focuses on energy consumption at home and for transport. On the energy production front, the focus shifts to the integration of renewables with fossil and nuclear energy. The book's coverage includes crucial systemic issues related to energy storage, electric power systems and multi-energy systems. In a dedicated chapter, the authors put forward their energy and environmental public policy observations and proposals, including a carbon fee scheme. Electricity is written for readers interested and concerned by the environmental and energy challenges we face, and who seek to participate, as well-informed citizens, in discussions on future energy-related options. The book provides a balanced, factual and unemotional presentation of readily available energy systems and technologies which, when widely deployed, can contribute, both short and long term, toward a low-carbon and electricity-centered world. Supplementary Materials Companion Document (8MB) Sample Chapter(s) Preamble and Reader‘s Guide Contents: About the Authors With Appreciation Preamble and Reader's Guide Setting the Stage: The Lives of Four Families — An Energy Perspective Energia — A Modern Country with a Long History Energy and Emissions — Where We Are Energy Consumptions and Emissions: Housing — At Home Transport and Travel — Daily Commutes, Travels and Transport Industry and Agriculture — Producing Goods and Food Industry and Services — At the Office and in Public Spaces How Electricity is Produced: Introductory Remarks Hydro Energy — Using Water Combustion Thermal Power Plants — Burning Fossil Fuels Nuclear Thermal Power Plants — Splitting the Atom Solar Energy — Using the Sun Wind Energy — Using Wind Geothermal Energy — Using the Earth's Heat An Ever-more Ubiquitous Electricity: Energy Storage Electric Power Systems — From Power Plants to End-users Multi-Energy Systems Where We Should Be Heading: Public Policy and Carbon Fee Energia's Energy Mutation — Principles and Application To Conclude: Four Families in 2035 Conclusion — We Have the Technologies — Let's All Get Going Annex: Companion Document — Alphabetical Order Units and Reference Values Website Acronyms Selected Electric Energy Installations Mentioned Index Endorsement Readership: Individuals broadly interested in and intrigued by the environmental and energy challenges along with public and private sector leaders who desire to fully apprehend the potential outcomes of various public policy paths pertaining to energy, and who seek to be better prepared when making energy decisions and participating in related political and public policy decision making processes. The reader is assumed to have a university-level general education but may not have a scientific background.